Removing multiple scattering and twin images from holographic images

Abstract

Properly phased combinations of images reconstructed from holograms recorded at several wavenumbers suppress inter-object multiple scattering, self-interference, and the troublesome holographic twin image. When applied to point-source electron holographies, this solves the longstanding problem of electron multiple scattering confusing the determination of surface structure; when applied to in-line holograms of any kind it solves the classical problem of twin images which dates from the original work of D. Gabor.

In-Plane Positional Fluctuations of Zinc Atoms in Single Crystal Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉ Alloy Studied by X-ray Fluorescence Holography

“…show the experimental and calculated images, respectively. The Barton algorithm 23) was used for the reconstruction. Figure 3(c) shows the atomic con gurations in a Zn plane located on the stacking fault based on the model proposed by Egusa and Abe 15) .…”

X-ray Fluorescence Holography Study on Si<SUB>1&minus;</SUB><i><SUB>x</SUB></i>Ge<i><SUB>x</SUB></i> Single Crystal

“…Barton's algorithm for multiple energy reconstruction was applied to the processed data. 17) The (001), (004), (110) and (100) planes were reconstructed for all samples. All observed atomic images elongate along the c-axis due to the limited k z range of the measured holograms.…”

Multiple scattering in low-energy electron holography

“…As mentioned previously, in Auger emission applications, the electron source is within atomic distances of the object, while in LEEPS microscopy the electron source is at a large distance from the atomic cluster. It has also been shown that multiple scattering does tend to obscure images in some LEED applications, and that improvements can be made in reconstructing the holograms [21,22]. Images in some LEED applications are also obscured by``twin'' images, which are virtually not present in LEEPS images due to the large distances from source to object.…”

“…Images in some LEED applications are also obscured by``twin'' images, which are virtually not present in LEEPS images due to the large distances from source to object. It was shown that by energy averaging [21], and averaging over the angle of collection [22] the e ects of multiple scattering on reconstructed images could be signi®cantly reduced. That is, the quality of the images were improved by averaging holograms of di erent energies and screen positions, respectively.…”