Removing eye blink artefacts from EEG—A single-channel physiology-based method

Zhang, Shenghuan; McIntosh, Julia A.; Shadli, Shabah M.; Neo, Phoebe S.-H.; Huang, Zhiyi; McNaughton, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.031

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The EEG data were analyzed using custom software written in Visual Basic 6. The data were down-sampled to 128 Hz and submitted to a 3-point running mean as a low pass filter (effective 46 Hz cut off) and then submitted to an automated procedure for eye blink removal, based on the ballistic components of the eye blink, which left residual EEG ( Zhang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine Effects on EEG during Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety and Social Anxiety

Shadli

Kawe

Martin

et al. 2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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BackgroundKetamine is swiftly effective in a range of neurotic disorders that are resistant to conventional antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs. The neural basis for its therapeutic action is unknown. Here we report the effects of ketamine on the EEG of patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders.MethodsTwelve patients with refractory DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder and/or social anxiety disorder provided EEG during 10 minutes of relaxation before and 2 hours after receiving double-blind drug administration. Three ascending ketamine dose levels (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.01 mg/kg) were given at 1-week intervals to each patient, with the midazolam counterbalanced in dosing position across patients. Anxiety was assessed pre- and postdose with the Fear Questionnaire and HAM-A.ResultsKetamine dose-dependently improved Fear Questionnaire but not HAM-A scores, decreased EEG power most at low (delta) frequency, and increased it most at high (gamma) frequency. Only the decrease in medium-low (theta) frequency at right frontal sites predicted the effect of ketamine on the Fear Questionnaire. Ketamine produced no improvement in Higuchi’s fractal dimension at any dose or systematic changes in frontal alpha asymmetry.ConclusionsKetamine may achieve its effects on treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder through related mechanisms to the common reduction by conventional anxiolytic drugs in right frontal theta. However, in the current study midazolam did not have such an effect, and it remains to be determined whether, unlike conventional anxiolytics, ketamine changes right frontal theta when it is effective in treatment-resistant depression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine Effects on EEG during Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety and Social Anxiety

Shadli

Kawe

Martin

et al. 2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Ocular artifacts in the EEG were removed automatically by fitting a template to the ballistic components of eye blinks recorded on Fp1 (Zhang et al, 2017) and then removal of the fitted components from each channel scaled via linear regression (Gratton, 1998). Remaining artifacts were removed manually by deletion and were replaced with missing data markers.…”

Section: Eeg Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal-Conflict EEG Theta and Biased Economic Decisions: A Role for a Second Negative Motivation System

2020

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Economic decision biases can reflect emotion and emotion dysfunction. Economic paradigms thus provide a solid framework for analysis of brain processes related to emotion and its disorders. Importantly for economic decisions, goal-conflict activates different negative motivational processes than pure loss; generating negative decision biases linked to anxiety and fear, respectively. Previously, right frontal goal-conflict specific EEG rhythmicity (GCSR) was shown to reflect anxiety processing. Here, we assessed GCSR in a forced-choice, economic decision-making task. Ninety participants were tested in three key conditions where gain:loss ratios of left mouse clicks were set to 75:25 (GAIN), 50:50 (CONFLICT) and 25:75 (LOSS). Right clicks produced no monetary consequences and skipped the current trial. The participants were not told the different conditions but could learn about them by associating the background stimulus color with the specific payoff. Goal-conflict was defined as the mathematical contrast of activity in CONFLICT minus the average of that in GAIN and LOSS. Replicating previous findings with somewhat different conditions, right frontal GCSR was detected. Importantly, greater right frontal GCSR significantly predicted a preference for economic safety in CONFLICT but not in GAIN or LOSS; but did not predict trait anxiety or neuroticism. We conclude that goal-conflict has unique neuroeconomics effects on choice biases; and that these reflect anxiety processing that is not effectively captured by trait anxiety or neuroticism.

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“…The raw data (128 Hz) were first low pass filtered (using a 3-point running mean, effective cut-off 43 Hz) to remove residual high frequency noise. Eye blink artefacts were removed by first fitting a ballistic template to Fp1 (Zhang et al, 2017) and then removing the fitted component from each channel after scaling with conventional least squares regression (Gratton, 1998) to leave residual EEG. Remaining artefacts associated with eye blinks, movement, etc.…”

Section: Eeg Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Does behavioural inhibition system dysfunction contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

Sadeghi

McIntosh

Shadli

et al. 2019

Personality Neuroscience

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The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality has as its main foundation a Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), defined by anxiolytic drugs, in which high trait sensitivity should lead to internalising, anxiety, disorders. Conversely, it has been suggested that low BIS sensitivity would be a characteristic of externalising disorders. BIS output should lead to increased arousal and attention as well as behavioural inhibition. Here, therefore, we tested whether an externalising disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), involves low BIS sensitivity. Goal-Conflict-Specific Rhythmicity (GCSR) in an auditory Stop Signal Task is a right frontal EEG biomarker of BIS function. We assessed children diagnosed with ADHD-I (inattentive) or ADHD-C (combined) and healthy control groups for GCSR in: a) an initial smaller study in Dunedin, New Zealand (population ~120,000: 15 control, 10 ADHD-I, 10 ADHD-C); and b) a main larger one in Tehran, Iran (population ~9 [city]-16 [metropolis] million: 27 control, 18 ADHD-I, 21 ADHD-C). GCSR was clear in controls (particularly at 6–7 Hz) and in ADHD-C (particularly at 8–9 Hz) but was reduced in ADHD-I. Reduced attention and arousal in ADHD-I could be due, in part, to BIS dysfunction. However, hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD-C are unlikely to reflect reduced BIS activity. Increased GCSR frequency in ADHD-C may be due to increased input to the BIS. BIS dysfunction may contribute to some aspects of ADHD (and potentially other externalising disorders) and to some differences between the ADHD subtypes but other prefrontal systems (and, e.g. dopamine) are also important.

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Removing eye blink artefacts from EEG—A single-channel physiology-based method

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Ketamine Effects on EEG during Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety and Social Anxiety

Ketamine Effects on EEG during Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety and Social Anxiety

Goal-Conflict EEG Theta and Biased Economic Decisions: A Role for a Second Negative Motivation System

Does behavioural inhibition system dysfunction contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

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