Removal of60Co and134Cs from radioactive process waste water by flotation

The effect of pre-activation and milling on improving natural clinoptilolite for ion exchange of cesium and strontium

“…Nevertheless, it would be extremely useful for batch adsorption in a rapid contact mixing tank, where the waste could then be easily dewatered using flotation, for example [41][42][43][44][85][86][87].…”

“…Another technique that may potentially be used to increase natural ion capacity, is to expose additional exchange sites through increasing the surface area to volume ratio by milling [39,40]. While fine milled particles would not be practically used in traditional ion-exchange columns, there has been increasing interest in combining batch adsorption contact tanks with flotation, giving highly efficient uptake and rapid de-watering of nuclear effluents [41][42][43][44].…”

Kinetic Studies of Cs+ and Sr2+ Ion Exchange Using Clinoptilolite in Static Columns and an Agitated Tubular Reactor (ATR)

“…In order to separate radioactive heavy metal ions from aqueous waste streams, there are a number of techniques that can be used, including ion exchange, co-precipitation, and coagulation methods; selective membranes; as well as the use of nano-adsorbents or organic conjugate materials [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The use of ion exchange media is perhaps the commonly used technique in the nuclear industry, due to the high specific decontamination factors, low production of secondary wastes, reliability, and cost effectiveness [8,9,16,20].…”

“…While primarily adapted for mineral separation [36,37], it has gained increasing use as a rapid solid-liquid separation technique for wastewater sludges and mineral wastes, reducing unit footprints and enhancing throughput rates when compared to traditional gravity separators. Indeed, there has been a number of studies published on its use to separate nuclear wastes and adsorbents used for effluent treatment [14,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. PI methods are also being used in conjunction with the development of related nanotechnologies for effluent treatment [44], such as with rapid magnetic separation methods to capture and recycle magnetic nano-adsorbents [45,46].…”