Removal of water hardness using zeolite synthesized from Ethiopian kaolin by hydrothermal method

Aragaw, Tadele Assefa; Ayalew, Adane Adugna

doi:10.2166/wpt.2018.116

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this case, the reaction slows down or follows the reverse direction if the reaction is in equilibrium. Moreover, the results are in agreement with Aragaw & Ayalew (2019) research, where synthesized zeolite from kaolinite was used for the water hardness treatment and it was supported that low temperature triggers the removal of calcium ions by providing the adsorption/ion exchange of an exothermic reaction. Ultimately, the removal of calcium ions in a room temperature (close to 29°C) can be characterized as efficient, with no need for a temperature-controlling system that could increase the cost.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 89%

Ca2+ removal from water by the use of Na-palygorskite for potential water softening

et al. 2021

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Sodium-treated palygorskite (Na-Pal) sample was investigated for the sorption of Ca2+ ions with the aim of treating water hardness. The effective modification of the mineral with Na+ was verified by XRD and FT-IR techniques. Batch kinetic experiments in standard solutions were performed proving that 30 g/L of Na-Pal were highly satisfactory as the Ca2+ removal reached the 85% for 100 mg/L Ca2+ initial concentration, which is very promising for the softening of moderate or hard waters. The Ca2+ removal found to be pH and temperature independent, with high removal rates at room temperature and common pH values of water samples (pH 4–12), rendering these circumstances ideal for the low-cost maintenance of the procedure that took place within the first 5 min. The linear form of Langmuir isotherm model expressed better (R2 = 1) the Ca2+ sorption, which means that takes place at specific homogeneous sites of Na-Pal. Thermodynamic analysis proved the non-spontaneous (positive ΔG0), physical, and exothermic nature (ΔH0 = −10.8197 kJ/mol) of the reaction, while the kinetic models proved the chemisorption of Ca2+ by Na-Pal.

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 89%

Ca2+ removal from water by the use of Na-palygorskite for potential water softening

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, zeolites are prepared from freshly prepared sodium aluminosilicate gels using a wide range of silica and alumina sources via a hydrothermal reaction 1–4 . To obtain low‐cost synthetic zeolites, many researchers have explored the synthesis of low‐grade aluminosilicates such as kaolin, 5–14 bauxite, 15,16 bentonite, 1,17 halloysite, 18 illite, 10,19 and diatomite 20–22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and ion exchange of zeolites produced from kaolin for separation of oxygen from atmospheric air

Feltrin

Souza

Aquino³

et al. 2021

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Lithium‐based zeolites are the most commonly used materials in PSA (pressure swing adsorption) oxygen concentration from atmospheric air. Synthesizing these adsorbents using mineral raw materials adapts to worldwide environmental requests, as only high‐purity chemical reactants such as aluminates and silicates are usually used. The present work aims to synthesize and characterize zeolites using kaolin as raw material by studying the influence of the metakaolinization temperature and SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O molar ratios by experimental design. Ion exchange was used to incorporate lithium into synthesized zeolites. Kaolin was treated thermically and characterized, and zeolites were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. After synthesis, ionic exchange of Na+ ions by Li+ was performed. The results indicated the presence of three main phases, zeolites A, X, and P. Using ANOVA, it was found that the factors that contributed significantly to the formation of zeolite X were the H2O/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios. For zeolite A, the major influence was by the metakaolinization temperature and for zeolite P none of the factors was influential. Zeolites that incorporated higher amounts of lithium showed higher N2 adsorption potential, indicating that even without pure phases formed, it was possible to obtain similar adsorption efficiency to commercial zeolite.

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“…The desired power was used for wet treatment and calcination but, oversize products have been returned to the crusher. For the separation of impurities from sludge samples in adsorbent preparation such as greases, soluble salts, organic contaminants, wet treatment (beneficiation) process is important and was used [1]. Ground and milled sludge was dispersed in de-ionized water for 24 h and bunged to separate all floatable oils, specks of dust and dissolved solid particles.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizations of electro-coagulated sludge from wastewater treatment plant data as an adsorbent for direct red 28 dye removal

Aragaw

2020

Data in Brief

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This work reported on the adsorptions of direct red 28 dye on to the raw and calcined electro-coagulated, EC, sludge adsorbents collected from the textile wastewater treatment plant. EC sludge adsorbent was prepared with wet treatment by deionized water and calcination at 500 °C. Raw and processed data on main adsorption operation parameters and adsorbent characterization were reported. Also, adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics; and thermodynamic models for direct red 28 dye (DR28) removal mechanism on to the raw and calcined EC sludge adsorbents were reported. Instrumental analysis, such as Fourier Transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy were used for adsorbent characterization and dye absorbance measurement before and after adsorption respectively. UV–Visible spectrometer was used throughout the batch experiment. The effect of adsorption temperature (25 ± 2 °C (ambient), 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C), pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), initial dye concentration (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L), contact time (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min) and adsorbent dosage (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g/100ml) were examined. For EC sludge adsorbent characteristics, FTIR analysis data is provided as raw and processed data before and after dye adsorption for both raw and calcined EC adsorbent. UV–Vis spectral analysis before and after dye removal with a pH range of 2–10 and batch adsorption experimental data records such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and mixing time are reported.

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Removal of water hardness using zeolite synthesized from Ethiopian kaolin by hydrothermal method

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Ca2+ removal from water by the use of Na-palygorskite for potential water softening

Ca2+ removal from water by the use of Na-palygorskite for potential water softening

Synthesis and ion exchange of zeolites produced from kaolin for separation of oxygen from atmospheric air

Utilizations of electro-coagulated sludge from wastewater treatment plant data as an adsorbent for direct red 28 dye removal

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