Removal of various contaminants from water by renewable lignocellulose-derived biosorbents: a comprehensive and critical review

Abstract

Contaminants in water bodies cause potential health risks for humans and great environmental threats. Therefore, the development and exploration of low-cost, promising adsorbents to remove contaminants from water resources as a sustainable option is one focus of the scientific community. Here, we conducted a critical review regarding the application of pristine and modified/treated biosorbents derived from leaves for the removal of various contaminants. These include potentially toxic cationic and oxyanionic metal ions, radioactive metal ions, rare earth elements, organic cationic and anionic dyes, phosphate, ammonium, and fluoride from water media. Similar to lignocellulosebased biosorbents, leaf-based biosorbents exhibit a low specific surface area and total pore volume but have abundant surface functional groups, high concentrations of light metals, and a high net surface charge density. The maximum adsorption capacity of biosorbents strongly depends on the operation conditions, experiment types, and adsorbate nature. The absorption mechanism of contaminants onto biosorbents is complex; therefore, typical experiments used to identify the primary mechanism of the adsorption of contaminants onto biosorbents were thoroughly discussed. It was concluded that byproduct leaves are renewable, biodegradable, and promising biosorbents which have the potential to be used as a low-cost green alternative to commercial activated carbon for effective removal of various contaminants from the water environment in the real-scale plants.

Magnetic Mg-Fe/LDH Intercalated Activated Carbon Composites for Nitrate and Phosphate Removal from Wastewater: Insight into Behavior and Mechanisms

“…An increase in pH after adsorption was due to the anion exchange of OH-bonded metal groups (Mg-OH or Fe-OH) with phosphate and nitrate species in the solution. Similar behavior was reported in similar studies for the adsorption of phosphates and nitrates from carbon-modified LDH composites [ 14 ]. To summarize, SBAC 100 MgFe demonstrated the best removal performance and adsorption capacity for both anions at pH 0 = 3, even though its uptake performance was highly dependent on pH 0 changes.…”

“…Currently, numerous research works have been involved in developing biochar and other low-cost materials from waste products as excellent adsorbents to boost the remediation of aqueous pollutants [ 8 , 14 , 15 ]. For instance, Chen et al [ 16 ] revealed that a high nitrate removal rate (706 mg/L) could be achieved by a methane-based membrane biofilm reactor.…”

“…Interestingly, the deposition of LDH on the biochar matrix was revealed as a favorable method to substantially improve the resultant material properties, showing remarkable removal performance for water contaminants due to the synergistic effect of biochar and LDH [ 18 ]. Tran et al [ 14 ] inspected modified Mg-Al/LDHs derived from tobacco stalk and reported a better phosphate adsorption capability relative to other biochars, with an adsorption capability of 41 mg/g. In 2016, Xue et al [ 19 ] developed Mg-Fe/LDH particles carrying wheat-straw biochar and revealed their excellent ability to remove nitrate from water.…”

Production of high-performance lead(II) ions adsorbents from pea peels waste as a sustainable resource

“…The Pb(II) adsorption is mainly caused by the availability of carboxylic and phenolic groups (Tran et al, 2019). The blocking of carboxylic surface groups was performed to investigate the possible adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) ion on sample PP600 that showed maximum adsorption capacity.…”

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Natural Product Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

“…The adsorption technique is the most widely used physical technique, efficient to remove inorganic and organic pollutants from wastewater. Many natural and synthetic adsorbents have already been developed [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Among them, activated carbon, rice husk, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica, curcubiturils etc.…”