Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors From Surface Waters Using Weak Base Resins

Rook, John; Evans, Sheldon

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1979.tb04407.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These findings complement the work of other researchers who have demonstrated that ion exchange is an effective tool for removing DBP precursors (e.g. [26,27]). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin

2002

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The objective of this investigation was to examine the effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX s ) to enhance the coagulation of disinfection by-product precursors in nine surface waters, each representing a different element of the USEPA's 3 Â 3 enhanced coagulation matrix. The effect of MIEX-pretreatment on the requisite alum dose needed for subsequent coagulation of turbidity was also evaluated.Enhanced coagulation with MIEX was found to be very effective for removing trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors from the nine waters examined. THM and HAA formation potential was reduced by more than 60% in all of the waters studied; reductions approaching 90% were seen in the waters with the highest specific ultraviolet absorbance values. The residual total organic carbon concentration, ultraviolet absorbance, and THM and HAA formation potential were all substantially lower as a result of MIEX and alum treatment compared to alum coagulation alone. MIEX pre-treatment also lowered the coagulant demand of each of the waters substantially. r

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“…These findings complement the work of other researchers who have demonstrated that ion exchange is an effective tool for removing DBP precursors (e.g. [26,27]). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin

2002

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“…This agrees with previous studies where efficacy of UV over chlorine has been demonstrated in the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater [9, 36, 37, 46]. Chlorine at higher doses may not be recommended due to the toxic by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) [47]. Higher doses above 2 ppm concentrations are not used in conventional water treatment and also not economically viable in relation to water treatment stations [24].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Efficiency of chlorine and UV in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater

et al. 2019

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Wastewater from different sources is contaminated by protozoan parasites including Cryptosporidium and Giardia . Many protozoan parasites are becoming resistant to chemical treatment. The challenge of finding alternatives is presented to researchers by exploring other methods of eliminating protozoan parasites from wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the speciation and the viability of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in environmental samples with the specific objective of evaluating if effluent chlorination and UV affect the viability. Different doses of chlorine with different exposure times were experimented with both distilled water and waste water spiked with (oo)cysts derived from environmental samples. UV irradiation at different doses was also experimented using the same spiked samples. Two methods of quantification and detection, namely, microscopy and flow cytometry, were used in the experiment. Two vital dyes, Syto-9+PI and DAPI+PI, were the used for staining the collected wastewater samples. It was found that the (oo)cysts responded to chlorination and UV treatments with Giardia responding better than Cryptosporidium . Giardia responded very well to UV irradiations with almost 0 percent remaining viable after a low dose of UV. Cryptosporidium was found to be resistant to chlorination even at high doses but responded well to high UV doses. DAPI+PI dye gave a lower mean percentage viability values than Syto-9+PI. Flow cytometry gave higher mean percentage than microscopy from the results. It is concluded that UV is a promising alternative to Chlorine in removing Cryptosporidium and Giardia from waste water. Appropriate treatment method for wastewater is necessary to minimize water resources pollution when wastewater is released into water systems.

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“…In water treatment stations, the use of higher concentrations of hypochlorous acid is either not viable or recommended because of the possibility of toxic subproduct formations such as trihalomethanes (THMs) [32]. Besides, retention time in a conventional station varies from 60 to 120 min (Company Sanitation of Paraná).…”

Section: Disinfection By Hypochlorous Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Efficacy of Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, and Ozone in the Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in Water from Parana State, Southern Brazil

Pereira

Costa

Silva

et al. 2008

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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In the present work, assays were performed to compare the efficacy of hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, and ozone in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocyst in public water supply from Brazilian South conditions. Experiments were carried out in samples containing 2 x 10(4) oocysts/ml of C. parvum purified from feces of experimentally contaminated calves. An in vitro excystation method was used to evaluate oocysts' viability and to determine the inactivation rates of hypochlorous acid at 2 ppm, chlorine dioxide at 1, 2, and 5 ppm, and ozone at the doses of 0.18, 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, and 1.44 mg/l. By using hypochlorous acid, the maximum inactivation rate obtained was 49.04% after 120 min. Chlorine dioxide at 5 ppm inactivated 90.56% of oocysts after 90 min of contact. Ozone was the most effective product, rendering an inactivation of 100% with the concentration of 24 mg/l. Resistance of Cryptosporidium to the usual disinfectants and the need for more effective water treatments to prevent waterborne diseases in Brazil are discussed in this manuscript.

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Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors From Surface Waters Using Weak Base Resins

Abstract: The scavenging process described here proved to be approximately 75 percent effective in reducing the chloroform potential of Meuse River water; the corresponding reduction in total trihalomethane potential was about 65 percent.

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin

Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin

Efficiency of chlorine and UV in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater

Comparing the Efficacy of Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, and Ozone in the Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in Water from Parana State, Southern Brazil

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