Removal of thallium in water/wastewater: A review

Xu, Haiyin; Luo, Yuanling; Ping, Wang; Zhu, Jian Hua; Yang, Zhen; Liu, Zhiming

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.114981

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…It has also been listed by China as one of the key heavy metal pollutants [6]. The concentration of Tl in the natural environment is usually remarkably low, which makes it challenging to evaluate its quantity precisely [2] and to remove it effectively [7]. Because of this, Tl has been studied much less than other toxic elements such as Cr, As, or Cd.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, in most natural environments, thallous compounds are the dominant species [14]. Tl(I) is soluble as the species of Tl(I) cation or TlOH (aq) at a wide pH range of 0-14 [7], which suggests that the conventional approaches, such as co-precipitation to remove of heavy metals from wastewater might be invalid when processing Tl(I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently available methods for Tl removal mainly include adsorption [15][16][17][18], oxidation-reduction precipitation [19,20], solvent extraction [21], and ion exchange processes [22]. Most of these studies were conducted at a higher Tl concentration using model water [7], which is not consistent with the actual circumstances, i.e., real wastewater, where Tl concentration therein generally ranges from only a few µg/L to a few mg/L [23], while rarely exceeding 10 mg/L [24]. Due to mass transfer limitations, the removal efficiency at low concentration may be worse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, further research on the treatment of wastewater with lower Tl concentration (<1 mg/L) is essential. In their recent review of Tl removal processes, Xu et al [7] highlighted that, until now, only a few studies, where strong oxidants [20,25] or advanced oxidation [19,26] methods were used, reported that the effluent Tl concentration can meet the Tl emission standards of industrial wastewater in China (5 µg/L) and of some provincial standards (2 µg/L). Therefore, it is crucial to introduce a cost-effective technology for deep purification of low Tl concentration industrial wastewater to meet the strict emission requirements and reduce the risk of Tl pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the affinity of Tl(I) cation to iron oxides/hydroxides is usually expected to be weak because it has low logK MOH of 10 −13.2 , study [40] shows that Tl(I) can adsorb well on ferrihydrite in alkaline solutions (pH > 8). Therefore, besides the eight potential feasible technology schemes for different Tl industry wastewater recommended by Xu et al [7], EC may be another feasible solution for low Tl concentration industrial wastewater treatment. However, there is still insufficient information available on Tl removal by EC technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Trace Thallium from Industrial Wastewater by Fe0-Electrocoagulation

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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As thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal, there are compulsory environmental regulations in many countries on minimizing its release. This research investigated the treatment of real industrial wastewater with low Tl(I) concentration by Fe0-electrocoagulation (Fe0-EC) in a batch aeration-forced pump cycle reactor. The effects of pH (7–12), current density (8.3–33.3 mA/cm2), dissolved oxygen (DO) in wastewater, and initial Tl(I) concentration (66–165 µg/L) on Tl(I) removal efficiency were investigated. The removal efficiency of Tl(I) is pH-dependent, to be exact, it increases significantly with pH rising from 8 to 11. Initial pH of influent and DO concentration were the key operation parameters which strongly affect Tl(I) removal. After the water sample with initial Tl(I) concentration of 115 µg/L was treated for 12 min by a single-step process at pH of 11 and current density of 16.7 mA/cm2, the residual Tl(I) concentration was decreased to beneath the emission limit in China (2 µg/L) with a low energy consumption of 0.82 kWh/m3. By prolonging the operation time, the concentration was further reduced to 0.5 µg/L or even lower. The main composition of the flocculent sludges is iron oxyhydroxide, yet its crystal structure varies dependent on pH value which may result in different Tl(I) removal efficiency. Feroxyhyte nanosheets generate in situ by Fe0-EC, which contributes to the rapid and effective removal of Tl(I), while the speedy oxidation under DO-enriched conditions benefits the feroxyhyte formation. The mechanism of Tl(I) removal by Fe0-EC is attributed to the combination of electrostatic attraction and the formation of inner-sphere complexes. As shown in the technical and mechanical studies, Fe0-EC technology is an effective method for low Tl concentration removal from wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Trace Thallium from Industrial Wastewater by Fe0-Electrocoagulation

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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Dyes and Biological Stains

2023

Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory

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Versatile Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon Derived Nano‐Adsorbent for Synchronized Toxic Metal Removal and Bacterial Disinfection from Water Matrices

Saleem

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

Small

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Contamination of water resources by toxic metals and opportunistic pathogens remains a serious challenge. The development of nano‐adsorbents with desired features to tackle this problem is a continuously evolving field. Here, magnetic mesoporous carbon nanospheres grafted by antimicrobial polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMB) are reported. Detailed mechanistic investigations reveal that the electrostatic stabilizer modified magnetic nanocore interfaced mesoporous shell can be programmatically regulated to tune the size and related morphological properties. The core–shell nano‐adsorbent shows tailorable shell thickness (≈20–55 nm), high surface area (363.47 m2 g−1), pore volume (0.426 cm3 g−1), radially gradient pores (11.26 nm), and abundant biguanidine functionality. Importantly, the nano‐adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for toxic thallium (Tl(I) ions (≈559 mg g−1), excellent disinfection against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (>99.99% at 2 and 2.5 µg mL−1), ultrafast disinfection kinetics rate (>99.99% within ≈4 min), and remarkable regeneration capability when exposed to polluted water matrices. The Tl(I) removal is attributed to surface complexation and physical adsorption owing to open ended mesopores, while disinfection relies on contact of terminal biguanidines with phospholipid head groups of membrane. The significance of this work lies in bringing up effective synchronic water purification technology to combat pathogenic microorganisms and toxic metal.

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Removal of thallium in water/wastewater: A review

Cited by 102 publications

References 156 publications

Removal of Trace Thallium from Industrial Wastewater by Fe0-Electrocoagulation

Removal of Trace Thallium from Industrial Wastewater by Fe0-Electrocoagulation

Dyes and Biological Stains

Versatile Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon Derived Nano‐Adsorbent for Synchronized Toxic Metal Removal and Bacterial Disinfection from Water Matrices

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