Removal of Reactive Black 5 dye from Aqueous Media using Powdered Activated Carbon – Kinetics and Mechanisms

Influence of Initial pH Value on the Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 Dye on Powdered Activated Carbon: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Thermodynamics

“…Suspensions were shaken at different contact times (15,30,60, 120 min, and 16 h until equilibrium is reached) with an impeller speed of 250 rpm at 45 (±1) • C (Heidolph Unimax 1010 with Incubator 1000). An adsorption time of 16 h was appropriate to reach adsorption equilibrium, as was determined in our previous study [23]. Adsorption experiments after 16 h were also performed at 29 (±1), 35 (±1), and 55 (±1) • C in order to determine the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption.…”

“…The advantages of natural and by-product adsorbents is their low cost, easy accessibility, and usage of waste materials such as agricultural crop or industrial residues as a source for activated carbon production [11][12][13]22]. Activated carbon is one of the most popular adsorbents used for wastewater treatment due to its adsorption efficiency, great capacity, and very high quality of purified water [22][23][24]. In addition, adsorption on activated carbon generally does not result in the formation of harmful substances, and it can be used for the control of precursors that may form toxic compounds [25].…”