Removal of precursors and disinfection by-products (DBPs) by membrane filtration from water; a review

Abstract

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have heterogeneous structures which are suspected carcinogens as a result of reactions between NOMs (Natural Organic Matter) and oxidants/disinfectants such as chlorine. Because of variability in DBPs characteristics, eliminate completely from drinking water by single technique is impossible. The current article reviews removal of the precursors and DBPs by different membrane filtration methods such as Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) techniques. Also, we provide an overview of existing and potentially Membrane filtration techniques, highlight their strengths and drawbacks. MF membranes are a suitable alternative to remove suspended solids and colloidal materials. However, NOMs fractions are effectively removed by negatively charged UF membrane. RO can remove both organic and inorganic DBPs and precursors simultaneously. NF can be used to remove compounds from macromolecular size to multivalent ions.

Do disinfection byproducts in drinking water have an effect on human cancer risk worldwide? A meta‐analysis

“…Also, in this study, colorectal, rectal, colon, and rectum cancers were grouped into one class for analysis. The study was conducted according to a predesigned protocol from Kalankesh, Moosazedeh, and Zazouli ().…”

“…In the last century, chlorine has been the most widespread chemical used to disinfect potable water supplies worldwide (Kruse, Wehner, & Wisplinghoff, ). When natural organic matter in water reacts with chlorine, it produces a variety of disinfection byproducts (DBPs; Kalankesh, Zazouli, Susanto, & Babanezhad, ; Richardson & St. Pierre, ; Zazouli & Kalankesh, ). Thus, chlorinated water contains a complex mixture of chlorinated and brominated products (Malakootian, Ranandeh Kalankesh, & Loloi, ; Manasfi, Coulomb, & Boudenne, ; Mansouri, Khanjani, Kalankesh, & Pourmousa, ).…”

New frontiers in the biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their environmental applications: an overview

“…Ozonation of bromide-containing water can produce brominated DBPs including bromate (BrO 3 − ), bromoform (CHBr 3 ), bromoacetic acids (BAA), dibromoacetone (DBA) and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), and some of these inorganic and organic byproducts are potential carcinogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reevaluate conventional disinfection methods and to consider innovative approaches that enhance the reliability and robustness of disinfection while avoiding DBP formation [162][163][164]. In addition to the modification of existing treatment processes such as enhanced coagulation to remove NOM, novel disinfection approaches have been explored [165].…”

Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities for Strategic Sustainable Domestic Water Management. A Case of Iringa Region In Tanzania

“…Even in advanced treatment practices that involve turbid water clarification prior to chlorination, organic flocculant residuals play a vital role in the formation of DPBs [78]. However, with such an observation, many remediation approaches are suggested for combating DBP issues: membrane technique is an excellent [79], two-stage or standard treatment, contrasted by rapid [80] in WSSA implementing clarification processes that reduce DBP levels. However, the common and affordable method is household boiling of treated water meant for drinking (Table 2).…”