“…The electrocoagulation process has already reported by several authors as an alternative wastewater treatment (Brahmi et. al, 2015a,b;Bouguerra et al, 2015a,b;Kuokkanen et al, 2015). The main difference between electrocoagulation and electroflotation lies in the electrode type.…”
-The phosphate recovery from a 20 mg L -1 Na2HPO4 solution through precipitation with Ca(OH)2 followed by electroflotation was evaluated. X-ray diffraction and particle size measurements indicated that the precipitates were a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, with size ranging from 3 to 10 mm. Electroflotation with Na-oleate as surfactant was used to recover the precipitates. The surfactant adsorption was evaluated through zeta potential measurements. The influence of Na-oleate concentration, pH and bubble size on phosphate recovery was investigated. In the absence of Na-oleate, a phosphate recovery of 50% was achieved, while in the presence of 20 mg L -1 of Na-oleate it was increased to 90%, at pH 11. The phosphate recovery also increased with Ca(OH)2 concentration increase and bubble size decrease, reaching 100% at 300 mg L -1 Ca(OH)2 and bubble size around 39 µm.
“…The electrocoagulation process has already reported by several authors as an alternative wastewater treatment (Brahmi et. al, 2015a,b;Bouguerra et al, 2015a,b;Kuokkanen et al, 2015). The main difference between electrocoagulation and electroflotation lies in the electrode type.…”
-The phosphate recovery from a 20 mg L -1 Na2HPO4 solution through precipitation with Ca(OH)2 followed by electroflotation was evaluated. X-ray diffraction and particle size measurements indicated that the precipitates were a mixture of hydroxyapatite and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, with size ranging from 3 to 10 mm. Electroflotation with Na-oleate as surfactant was used to recover the precipitates. The surfactant adsorption was evaluated through zeta potential measurements. The influence of Na-oleate concentration, pH and bubble size on phosphate recovery was investigated. In the absence of Na-oleate, a phosphate recovery of 50% was achieved, while in the presence of 20 mg L -1 of Na-oleate it was increased to 90%, at pH 11. The phosphate recovery also increased with Ca(OH)2 concentration increase and bubble size decrease, reaching 100% at 300 mg L -1 Ca(OH)2 and bubble size around 39 µm.
“…To treat the peat bog drainage synthetic wastewater authors has been used Al/Fe (anode/cathode) electrode material and found 90% COD and 80% DOC at pH4 (high acid range) current density 100 A m −2 and treatment time 10 min. But present experimental shows 65% COD reduction at pH 6.5 which is near to allowable limit [14].Fig. 2Effect of pH on (a) COD and (b) color reduction at CD = 78 A m −2 , ED = 20 mm, pHi = 5.5, CODi = 3682 mg/l, Color = 350PCU and time (t) = 120 min.…”
Section: Methods Validationmentioning
confidence: 43%
“…In literature there are different types of an electrolyte like NaCl, BaCl 2 , KCl, Na 2 SO 4 and KI has been used for industrial waste water treatment. Kuokkanen et al used NaCl as electrolyte and attended 96% phosphorus from synthetic water and 93% from dairy industry waste by using hybrid electrode (Al and Fe) [14].Fig. 8Effect of electrolyte concentration on (a) COD and (b) color reduction at ED = 156 A m −2 , ED = 20 mm and t = 120 min.…”
Section: Quality Control With Current Densitymentioning
“…A mixing speed of 300 rpm was performed using a magnetic stirrer to ensure good mixing in the reactor, minimize regional differences and break up flocs. It is comparable to the different stirring speed used in other studies [38][39][40]. Sodium hypochlorite was used to clean the electrodes before starting the experiment.…”
Abstract:The continuous release of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the aquatic environment, as a result of the inadequate removal by conventional treatment methods, has prompted research to explore viable solutions to this rising global problem. One promising alternative is the use of electrochemical processes since they represent a simple and highly efficient technology with less footprint. In this paper, the feasibility of treating ECs (i.e., pharmaceuticals) using an intermittent electrocoagulation process, a known electrochemical technology, has been investigated. Diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) were chosen as being representative of highly consumed drugs that are frequently detected in our water resources and were added in synthetic municipal wastewater. The removal efficiencies of both individual and combined pharmaceuticals were determined under different experimental conditions: hydraulic retention time (HRT) (6, 19 and 38 h), initial concentration (0.01, 4 and 10 mg/L) and intermittent application (5 min ON/20 min OFF) of current density (0.5, 1.15 and 1.8 mA/cm 2 ). Results have shown that these parameters have significant effects on pharmaceutical degradation. Maximum removals (DCF = 90%, CBZ = 70% and AMX = 77%) were obtained at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm 2 , an initial concentration of 10 mg/L and HRT of 38 h.
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