Removal of phenol from aqueous solution using reduced graphene oxide as adsorbent: isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Glutathione‐Titanate Nanosheets for the Adsorption of Lysozyme from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Studies

“…The Freundlich isotherm, which models multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface, [14] can be expressed in its linear form using Equation 7: $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm{log}}\left( {q_e } \right) = {1 \over n}{\rm{log}}\left( {C_e } \right) + {\rm{log}}k\hfill\cr}}$$$ …”

“…The adsorption behavior of lysozyme onto GSH‐ γ ‐MAPS‐TiNS was critically investigated at temperatures of 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated using Equations (8), (9), and (10): [14–15] $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr \Delta {G}^{^\circ{}}=-R{\rm T}{\rm l}{\rm n}{K}_{d}\hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr \ K_d = {{q_e } \over {C_e }}\hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr \ {\rm{ln}}K_d = {{\Delta S^ \circ } \over R} - {{\Delta H^ \circ } \over {RT}}\hfill\cr}}$$$ …”

“…The adsorption behavior of lysozyme onto GSH-γ-MAPS-TiNS was critically investigated at temperatures of 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated using Equations ( 8), (9), and (10): [14][15] DG � ¼ À RTlnK d (8)…”

Batch and continuous studies on adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] using reduced graphene oxide

“…[ 35 ] However, in the FTIR spectra of RGO the strong –OH peak around 3,300–3,400 cm −1 is not available and the peaks at 2898 cm −1 are assigned to C–H vibration, 2,307 cm −1 is for C=C stretching of graphitic domain, 1703 cm −1 is assigned to O=C–O from carboxylate, 1,520 cm −1 is assigned to –COOH of carboxylic acid, and 1,046 cm −1 is because of the –C–O–C– stretching of anhydride, which suggests the successful synthesis of the reduction of GO to RGO as various oxygenated functional groups are eliminated in the reduction process. [ 12 ] The adsorption of chromium onto the RGO surface is confirmed by two new peaks around 818 and 952 cm −1 (Figure 2d), which are assigned to Cr=O and Cr−O bonds. [ 36 ]…”

“…[ 11 ] Among them, adsorption is a promising method because of its high removal efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, operational simplicity, design simplicity, and insensitivity to toxic pollutants. [ 12 ] Herein, the selection of efficient adsorbents for the treatment of Cr(VI) ions is of great importance. An efficient adsorbent should accumulate large quantities of pollutants on its surface and possess a large surface area.…”