Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Starch

Gunawardene, Oneesha H. P.; Gunathilake, Chamila; Amaraweera, Sumedha M.; Fernando, N. M. L.; Manipura, A.; Manamperi, Wajira A. R.; Kulatunga, Asela K.; Rajapaksha, Suranga M.; Gamage, Ashoka; Dassanayake, Rohan S.; Weerasekara, B. G. N. D.; Fernando, P. N. K.; Fernando, C. A. N.; Jayasinghe, J. A. S. C.

doi:10.3390/jcs5020046

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The extraction of native cassava starch (NCS) was performed using a slightly modified method described by Gunawardene et al ( 42 ) Initially, cassava roots were peeled off, washed, and cut into 1 cm cubes. After that, the pulp obtained after pulverizing the cassava cubes in a high-speed blender for 5 min was suspended in water 10 times its volume and stirred for 5 min.…”

Section: Experimental Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Dual-Modified Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Foams for Sustainable Packaging Applications

et al. 2022

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Starch and its derivatives have recently emerged as a sustainable and renewable alternative for petroleum-based expanded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam materials. In this study, biodegradable foam materials were prepared from cassava starch using a novel dual modification technique, combining microwave treatment and freeze-drying. The foam materials were prepared from starch solutions microwaved over different intervals. The starch-based foam materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR) spectroscopy, and compression set test. Moreover, the water absorption capacities and density values of the foam materials were measured according to ASTM standards. The biodegradability test was carried out according to the aerobic compost environment test. The lowest water absorption capacities of 65.56% and 70.83% were exhibited for the cassava starch foam sample (MWB) prepared at a 20 s microwave treatment time and immersed in distilled water for 2 and 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, the lightweight cassava starch-based foam materials displayed density ranging from 124 to 245 kg/m 3 . The biodegradation test exhibited significant biodegradation of over 50% after 15 days for all the foam materials prepared. These results suggest that the dual-modified cassava starch-based biodegradable foams show potential in sustainable packaging applications by replacing petroleum-based materials.

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Section: Experimental Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Dual-Modified Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Foams for Sustainable Packaging Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Gunawardene et al [134] displayed the effectiveness of dual-modified cassava starch in removing Pb 2+ ions in aqueous solutions. During starch modification, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the chemical modifying agent, whereas Pluronic 123 was used as the structure-directing agent.…”

Section: Applications Of Chemically Modified Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adsorption behavior can be well explained using Pearson's hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) principle. According to Figure 8, it is evident that the electron pairs in oxygen atoms in hydroxyl groups can donate electrons to the Pb 2+ , resulting in interactions between the lead ions and hydroxyl groups in modified cassava starch [134]. Table 5 summarizes the recent applications of modified starch relevant to packaging, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and sorption.…”

Section: Applications Of Chemically Modified Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starch crosslinked with acrylic monomers [131] Crosslinked starch xanthate [146] Dithiocarbamate-modified starch [147] Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles-Starch nanocomposite [148] Grafting Modified starch with zinc oxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate and graft copolymerized with potassium acrylate monomer [132] Low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic 2 acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel [149] Crown ether modification of starch [150] Grafted amylose and amylopectin using poly(sodium acrylate) [136] Esterification Succinylated starch [133] Facile esterification [135] Modified corn starch with maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) [151] Dual modification Modified cassava starch using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the chemical modifying agent and Pluronic 123 as the structure directing agent [134] Oxidations Oxidized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) [152]…”

Section: Crosslinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Starch-Based Materials Using Current Modification Techniques and Their Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Starch is one of the most common biodegradable polymers found in nature, and it is widely utilized in the food and beverage, bioplastic industry, paper industry, textile, and biofuel industries. Starch has received significant attention due to its environmental benignity, easy fabrication, relative abundance, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. However, native starch cannot be directly used due to its poor thermo-mechanical properties and higher water absorptivity. Therefore, native starch needs to be modified before its use. Major starch modification techniques include genetic, enzymatic, physical, and chemical. Among those, chemical modification techniques are widely employed in industries. This review presents comprehensive coverage of chemical starch modification techniques and genetic, enzymatic, and physical methods developed over the past few years. In addition, the current applications of chemically modified starch in the fields of packaging, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, superabsorbent and wastewater treatment have also been discussed.

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“…For example, Morgan and Choct [122] reported that cassava starch is more suitable to produce TPS owing to its remarkable properties, such as higher clarity, low glass transition temperature, and good gel stability [122]. According to Gunawardene et al, the gelatinization temperature of extracted cassava starch was reported to be 43.27 • C, that is comparatively lower than other starch types [123].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectives For The Development Of Starch/synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Blends For Packaging Applicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibilization of Starch/Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Blends for Packaging Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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The health and environmental concerns of the usage of non-biodegradable plastics have driven efforts to explore replacing them with renewable polymers. Although starch is a vital renewable polymer, poor water resistivity and thermo-mechanical properties have limited its applications. Recently, starch/synthetic biodegradable polymer blends have captured greater attention to replace inert plastic materials; the question of ‘immiscibility’ arises during the blend preparation due to the mixing of hydrophilic starch with hydrophobic polymers. The immiscibility issue between starch and synthetic polymers impacts the water absorption, thermo-mechanical properties, and chemical stability demanded by various engineering applications. Numerous studies have been carried out to eliminate the immiscibility issues of the different components in the polymer blends while enhancing the thermo-mechanical properties. Incorporating compatibilizers into the blend mixtures has significantly reduced the particle sizes of the dispersed phase while improving the interfacial adhesion between the starch and synthetic biodegradable polymer, leading to fine and homogeneous structures. Thus, Significant improvements in thermo-mechanical and barrier properties and water resistance can be observed in the compatibilized blends. This review provides an extensive discussion on the compatibilization processes of starch and petroleum-based polymer blends.

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Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Starch

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Dual-Modified Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Foams for Sustainable Packaging Applications

Preparation and Characterization of Dual-Modified Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Foams for Sustainable Packaging Applications

Development of Starch-Based Materials Using Current Modification Techniques and Their Applications: A Review

Compatibilization of Starch/Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Blends for Packaging Applications: A Review

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