Removal of Pb(II) from solution using cellulose‐containing materials

Abstract

The potential of cheap cellulose-containing natural materials such as coir, jute, sawdust and groundnut shells for removal for Pb(II) from aqueous solution of lead nitrate was assessed before and after modifying them with a monochlorotriazine type of dye. The materials showed enhanced adsorption capacity of Pb(II) due to the specific dye loading. This was attributed to chelation and an ion exchange mechanism. The maximum cation uptake values obtained were 0.127, 0.087, 0.090, and 0.106 mmol g −1 for coir, sawdust, jute and groundnut shell in their dyed forms, respectively. The kinetics of both undyed and dyed coir was analysed and the second order rate equation was observed to provide the best correlation of the experimental data. Adsorption isotherm models were developed. The best fit was obtained in the Langmuir model. When subjected to repeated adsorption-desorption cycles, with an intermediate step of mild sodium hydroxide treatment, both dyed and undyed coir retained its adsorptive capacity even after five cycles of reuse.

Sorption of Heavy Metal Ions (Cu2+ and Cd2+) From Simulated and Industrial Wastewaters Using Sugarcane Biomass

“…Adsorption rate constant (K ad ), which was calculated using Lagergren's equation (which is the most widely used sorption equation), followed a second order mechanism for sugarcane biomass. Values were comparable to those of coirpith carbon reported by Kadirvelu and Namasivayam [19], Ilhan et al [20] as well as Shukla and Pai [21].…”

“…Sugarcane biomass contained cellulose as a major component in its chemical structure. Shukla and Pai [21] reported that cellulose has a two-phase structure, the crystalline compact structure that cannot be penetrated and the amorphous open structure composed of surfaces, external as well as the internal surfaces, which allow the adsorption of heavy metal cations. The pore size of a material plays an important role in deciding the level of penetration of a chemical entity in the amorphous region followed by it adsorption.…”

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by Phytolacca americana L. biomass as a low cost biosorbent

“…PAL, the raw P. americana; HPAL, the HNO 3 -modified P. americana (biosorbent dosage: 20 g L À1 ; contact time: 120 min; pH: 6.0; temperature: 25 ± 0.5°C). Shukla and Roshan (2005) However, the well fit of pseudo second-order model did not entirely display the true nature of the sorption mechanism that occurred on the surface of adsorbent (Schiewer and Patil, 2008). More than one kind of sorption mechanisms took place in the process of reaction kinetic equation (Malamisa and Katsou, 2013).…”

Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Paper Mill Waste from Aqueous Solution

“…Agricultural materials have also been used. These include rice bran, soybean and cottonseed hulls, crop milling waste (Saeed et al, 2005), groundnut husk, maize cob meal, coir, jute and sawdust (Shukla and Pai, 2005), canola meal, coconut shell (Ogunsuyi et al, 2001) and spent tea leaves (Lavecchia et Most cellulosic materials investigated have been found to be good adsorbents for heavy metals (Opeolu et al, 2010). Diverse plant parts such as coconut fiber pith, coconut shell fiber, plant bark (Acacia arabica, Eucalyptus), pine needles, cactus leaves, neem leave powder have also been tried for chromium removal showing efficiency more than 90-100% at optimum pH (Dakiky et Present study aims to make use of paper mill sludge to remove the heavy metal ions from waste water instead of the conventional techniques that are difficult to control, and require mostly expensive equipments.…”