Removal of NAPLs from the unsaturated zone using steam: prevention of downward migration by injecting mixtures of steam and air

Schmidt, R.; Gudbjerg, Jacob; Sonnenborg, Torben O.; Jensen, Karsten H.

doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00192-9

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Udell and McCarter ( 1998 ) found that cyclic steam injection enhances mass transfer and accelerates the clean up process. Schmidt et al ( 2002 ) confi rmed that injection of steam with air accelerated the rate of pollutant removal. Combination of steam injection with auger mixing system (steam is injected through augers of specifi c design) proved to be effective (Davis 1998 ).…”

Section: Injection: Steam/hot Airmentioning

confidence: 97%

In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview

Kuppusamy

Thavamani

Megharaj

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Though several in-situ treatment methods exist to remediate polluted sites, selecting an appropriate site-specific remediation technology is challenging and is critical for successful clean up of polluted sites. Hence, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary to choose the right technology for an anticipated pollutant. This review has critically evaluated the (i) technological profile of existing in-situ remediation approaches for priority and emerging pollutants, (ii) recent innovative technologies for on-site pollutant remediation, and (iii) current challenges as well as future prospects for developing innovative approaches to enhance the efficacy of remediation at contaminated sites.

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Section: Injection: Steam/hot Airmentioning

confidence: 97%

In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview

Kuppusamy

Thavamani

Megharaj

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…(37) and (38), subject to boundary conditions (BC) satisfying the constraints of Rankine-Hugoniot (RH) and entropy (E) . The construction uses a shooting argument in the three-dimensional u, S w , S g -space.…”

Section: Construction Of Shocks By Means Of Traveling Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there is renewed interest for the purpose of removing oil spills from the subsurface [3,19,20,23,37,38]. The processes involved are extremely complex and pose challenging questions concerning theory [12,26,45,46], experiment [13,24,43] and numerical modeling [1,5,8,11,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traveling waves in a finite condensation rate model for steam injection

Bruining

Duijn

2006

Comput Geosci

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Steam drive recovery of oil is an economical way of producing oil even in times of low oil prices and is used worldwide. This paper focuses on the onedimensional setting, where steam is injected into a core initially containing oil and connate water while oil and water are produced at the other end. A three-phase (oil, water, steam) hot zone develops, which is abruptly separated from the two-phase (oil + water) cold zone by the steam condensation front. The oil, water and energy balance equations (Rankine-Hugoniot conditions) cannot uniquely solve the system of equations at the steam condensation front. In a previous study, we showed that two additional constraints follow from an analysis of the traveling wave equation representing the shock; however, within the shock, we assumed local thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we extend the previous study and include finite condensation rates; using that appropriate scaling requires that the Peclet number and the Damkohler number are of the same order of magnitude. We give a numerical proof, using a colorcoding technique, that, given the capillary diffusion behavior and the rate equation, a unique solution can be obtained. It is proven analytically that the solution for large condensation rates tends to the solution obtained assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium.

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“…Beside thermal wells and steam, or hot air injection [3,4], some electrical methods have been developed. They can be distinguished as resistive heating, based on the ohmic conductivity of the soil, and dielectric heating, which works in a similar way as a microwave oven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Different Frequencies for Electrical Heating of Saturated and Unsaturated Soil Zones

2011

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In situ electrical heating of soil was studied applying different frequencies: lowfrequency energy for resistive heating and radio-frequency energy for dielectric heating. Steep temperature gradients were observed for each heating mode under the condition of the coexistence of saturated and unsaturated soil zones. By combining the two heating modes, this undesired effect can be avoided, thus allowing efficient soil remediation especially when organic phases are accumulated at the capillary fringe. A parallel application of both frequencies was demonstrated as the most suitable method to reduce temperature gradients. By using electronic filters, both electric fields can be established by only one electrode array. This innovative concept is especially applicable for optimizing thermal remediation of light non-aqueous phase liquid contaminations or realizing thermally-enhanced electrokinetic removal of heavy metals.

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Removal of NAPLs from the unsaturated zone using steam: prevention of downward migration by injecting mixtures of steam and air

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview

In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview

Traveling waves in a finite condensation rate model for steam injection

Combining Different Frequencies for Electrical Heating of Saturated and Unsaturated Soil Zones

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