Removal of MS2, Qβ and GA bacteriophages during drinking water treatment at pilot scale

Boudaud, Nicolas; Machinal, Claire; David, Fabienne; Bourdonnec, Armelle Fréval-Le; Jossent, Jérôme; Bakanga, Fanny; Arnal, Charlotte; Jaffrezic, Marie Pierre; Oberti, Sandrine; Gantzer, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.020

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In another study, Flannery et al (41) reported comparable kinetics of accumulation between infectious FRNAPH-II and the genomes of probably infectious NoV GII in oysters following combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharge events. Finally, FRNAPH-II, generally present in low concentrations in treated water effluents (21,68), has been found to be the most appropriate indicator of viral persistence during water treatment processes (69) and may thus be proposed as a specific indicator of urban pollution in the environment (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophages in Assessing Human Norovirus Risk in Shellfish and Environmental Waters

Hartard

Banas

Loutreul

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the main cause of shellfish-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks. In the absence of routine technical approaches allowing infectious particles to be detected, this viral pathogen is currently targeted by genome research, leading to difficult interpretations. In this study, we investigated the potential of F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) as fecal and viral contamination indicators in shellfish and water from a local harvesting area. FRNAPH were also used as microbial source tracking tools. Constraints imposed by detection limits are illustrated here by the detection of infectious FRNAPH in several samples in the absence of FRNAPH genomes. The opposite situation was also observed, likely explained by the persistence of the genomes being greater than infectivity. Similar considerations may be applied to HuNoVs, suggesting that HuNoV genome targeting is of limited relevance in assessing infectious risks. While FRNAPH did not provide any benefits compared to Escherichia coli as fecal pollution indicators in water, novel observations were made in shellfish: contrary to E. coli, a seasonal trend of infectious FRNAPH concentrations was observed. These concentrations were higher than those found in water, confirming bioaccumulation in shellfish. This study also underlines a relationship between the presence of HuNoV genomes and those of human- specific FRNAPH subgroup II (FRNAPH-II) in shellfish collected throughout Europe. Further research should be undertaken to evaluate FRNAPH potential as an indicator of the presence of infectious HuNoVs. To this end, shellfish involved in HuNoVcaused gastroenteritis outbreaks should be analyzed for the presence of infectious FRNAPH-II. IMPORTANCEThis work provides new data about the use of F-specific RNA phages (FRNAPH) as a tool for evaluating fecal or viral contamination, especially in shellfish. In our case study, FRNAPH did not provide any benefits compared to E. coli as fecal pollution indicators in water but were found to be very useful in shellfish. Their concentrations in shellfish were higher than those found in the surrounding water, confirming bioaccumulation. This study also underlines a relationship between the presence of human norovirus genomes (HuNoVs) and those of FRNAPH subgroup II (FRNAPH-II). Considering that the two virus types have similar behaviors and since FRNAPH infectivity can be investigated, the specific detection of infectious FRNAPH-II could be regarded as an indication of the presence of infectious HuNoVs. The contribution of infectious human FRNAPH targeting for assessing the viral risk associated with HuNoVs in shellfish should thus be investigated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophages in Assessing Human Norovirus Risk in Shellfish and Environmental Waters

Hartard

Banas

Loutreul

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Q (Boudaud et al, 2012;Matsui et al, 2003;Matsushita et al, 2011;Shirasaki et al, 2009a,b) and MS2 (Boudaud et al, 2012;Fiksdal and Leiknes, 2006;Guo and Hu, 2011;Matsushita et al, 2011;Nasser et al, 1995;Shirasaki et al, 2009a,b;Zhu et al, 2005) are widely used as surrogates for waterborne enteric viruses in coagulation processes because these bacteriophages are morphologically similar to hepatitis A viruses and polioviruses, removal of which during drinking water treatment is important. Q is the prototype member of the genus Allolevivirus in the virus family Leviviridae, and MS2 is the prototype member of the genus Levivirus in the Leviviridae family.…”

Section: Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved virus removal by high-basicity polyaluminum coagulants compared to commercially available aluminum-based coagulants

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the effects of basicity, sulfate content, and aluminum hydrolyte species on the ability of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants to remove F-specific RNA bacteriophages from river water at a pH range of 6-8. An increase in PACl basicity from 1.5 to 2.1 and the absence of sulfate led to a reduction of the amount of monomeric aluminum species (i.e., an increase of the total amount of polymeric aluminum and colloidal aluminum species) in the PACl, to an increase in the colloid charge density of the PACl, or to both and, as a result, to high virus removal efficiency.The efficiency of virus removal at around pH 8 observed with PACl-2.1c, a nonsulfated 2 high-basicity PACl (basicity 2.1-2.2) with a high colloidal aluminum content, was larger than that observed with PACl-2.1b, a nonsulfated high-basicity PACl (basicity 2.1-2.2) with a high polymeric aluminum content. In contrast, although extremely high basicity PACls (e.g., PACl-2.7ns, basicity 2.7) effectively removed turbidity and UV260-absorbing natural organic matter and resulted in a very low residual aluminum concentration, the virus removal ratio with PACl-2.7ns was smaller than the ratio with PACl-2.1c at around pH 8, possibly as a result of a reduction of the colloid charge density of the PACl as the basicity was increased from 2.1 to 2.7. Liquid 27 Al NMR analysis revealed that PACl-2.1c contained Al 30 species, which was not the case for PACl-2.1b or PACl-2.7ns. This result suggests that Al 30 species probably played a major role in virus removal during the coagulation process. In summary, PACl-2.1c, which has high colloidal aluminum content, contains Al 30 species, and has a high colloid charge density, removed viruses more efficiently (>4 log 10 for infectious viruses) than the other aluminum-based coagulants-including commercially available PACls (basicity 1.5-1.8), alum, and PACl-2.7ns-over the entire tested pH (6-8) and coagulant dosage (0.54-5.4 mg-Al/L) ranges.

show abstract

“…MS2 phage was used as a model because of its similar size (&22-29 nm), the presence of a positive-sense RNA genome, and an overall structure of the capsid close to enteric pathogenic viruses (Bae and Schwab 2008;Boudaud et al 2012;Bozkurt et al 2015;Deboosere et al 2012;Shirasaki et al 2009;Sidhu and Toze 2009;Valegård et al 1990). This phage is non-pathogenic for humans and easy to culture in laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat on the Physicochemical Properties of Bacteriophage MS2

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The differences in physicochemical characteristics between infectious and non-infectious viral particles are poorly known. Even for heat, which is known as one of the most efficient treatments to inactivate enteric viruses, the global inactivation mechanisms have not been described yet. Such knowledge would help distinguish between both types of particles and therefore clarify the interpretation of the presence of viral genomes in food after heat treatment. In this study, we examined in particular the differences in electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity between the two particle types. MS2 phage, a common surrogate for enteric viruses, was used as a model virus. The heat-induced inactivation process of the infectious phages caused hydrophobic domains to be transiently exposed and their charge to become less negative. The particles also became progressively permeable to small molecules such as SYPRO Orange dye. The presence of non-infectious phage particles in which the genome was not accessible to RNases has been clearly demonstrated. These observations were done for MS2 phages exposed to a temperature of 60 °C. When exposed to a temperature higher than their critical temperature (72 °C), the particles were disrupted and the genome became available for RNases. At lower temperatures, 60 °C in this study, the transient expression of hydrophobic domains of remaining infectious phages appeared as an interesting parameter for improving their specific detection.

show abstract

Removal of MS2, Qβ and GA bacteriophages during drinking water treatment at pilot scale

Cited by 92 publications

References 45 publications

Relevance of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophages in Assessing Human Norovirus Risk in Shellfish and Environmental Waters

Relevance of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophages in Assessing Human Norovirus Risk in Shellfish and Environmental Waters

Improved virus removal by high-basicity polyaluminum coagulants compared to commercially available aluminum-based coagulants

The Effect of Heat on the Physicochemical Properties of Bacteriophage MS2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About