Removal of malachite green dye from wastewater by different organic acid-modified natural adsorbent: kinetics, equilibriums, mechanisms, practical application, and disposal of dye-loaded adsorbent

Abstract

Natural adsorbent (Cinnamomum camphora sawdust) modified by organic acid (oxalic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid) was investigated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous malachite green (MG) dye in aqueous media in a batch process. The extent of MG adsorption onto modified sawdust increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, pH, contact time, and temperature but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and ionic strength. Kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption kinetics of MG. Equilibrium data were found to fit well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the three kinds of organic acid-modified sawdust was 280.3, 222.8, and 157.5 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of MG was an endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism, the application of adsorbents in practical wastewater, the prediction of single-stage batch adsorption system, and the disposal of depleted adsorbents were also discussed.

Ultra-high adsorption capacity of zeolitic imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67) for removal of malachite green from water

“…Although a number of materials have been used to adsorb MG, such as activated carbon (Malik, 2004;Crini et al, 2007;Malik et al, 2007;Hameed and El-Khaiary, 2008;Bello and Ahmad, 2011), agricultural wastes (Wang et al, 2014), chitosan beads (Bekçi et al, 2008;Mohammadi et al, 2014), the adsorption capacities of these adsorbents are still limited. Thus, to enhance the performance of the adsorption process, it is still necessary to develop an efficient and high-capacity adsorbent for the removal of MG.…”

Use of natural bio-sorbent in removing dye, heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from industrial wastewater

“…High concentrations of all heavy metals have deleterious effect on the environment (Akpor and Muchie 2010;Wang et al 2014). Toxic heavy metals like mercury (Hg 2+ ), chromium (Cr 6+ ), lead (Pb 2+ ) and cadmium (Cd 2+ ) have no biological role, but they are well known for their toxicities, mutagenicity and carcinogenic impacts on human beings and other aquatic living system especially those metals classified under priority list of pollutants (Akpor and Muchie 2010;Abbas et al 2014;Girma 2015).…”

Multi‐responses optimization of simultaneous adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green dyes in binary aqueous system onto Ni:FeO(OH)‐NWs‐AC using experimental design: derivative spectrophotometry method

“…At the same time, specific disadvantages are also accompanied. Among these various methods, adsorption is a superior and widely used method because of its accessibility, high efficiency and environmentally benign . While the adsorbent materials have been demonstrated to be effective for the removal of dye in pure water tests, the adsorption process may be affected by the presence of solutes or other pollution .…”