Removal of lead by activated carbon and citrus coal from drinking water

Abstract

a b s t r a c tHeavy metals are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Among heavy metals lead (Pb) which is toxic, well recognized as an environmental pollutant. The main objective of this study was to examine the adsorption efficiency of granular activated carbon for lead (II) removal from aqueous solution compared with citrus charcoal. The removal efficiency was controlled by solution pH, initial ion concentration, height and number of column and its arrangement. The results showed that with increasing the initial concentration of lead the removal efficiency was decreased. The removal rate for citrus coal was more than the granular activated carbon. The optimum time of 120 min was considered. The maximum removal of lead for GAC and citrus coal was observed at pH = 6.5. The maximum removal of lead was observed in the citrus coal/ GAC (98.5%). The efficiency of citrus coal for Pb adsorption was higher than the GAC. Citrus Charcoal which considered as a low cost material is mainly produced from waste of citrus. Drinking water standards were obtained using Citrus coal/GAC column in series.

Tailoring Activated Carbon Properties for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) Removal from Water in Continuous Mode

“…On the other hand, as for pH 1 , in a mixed solution the adsorption capacity is a bit lower than in the single form, which is predictable as there is competition between Cr(VI) and Pb(II) for the available adsorption sites. These results are in agreement with what was reported in the literature, where better adsorption capacities are observed at pH values above 3 [34,36,37].…”

“…Its adsorption yield on both activated carbons does not exceed 70.3 % (0.44 mg g -1 ) when the metal ion is adsorbed from a solution containing lead ions alone. For this pH, H 3 O + ions are strongly present in the solution, giving rise to a competition with Pb 2+ for the retention sites present on the activated carbon surface [33][34][35][36]. In the case of a mixture solution with chromium, the maximum uptake does not change significantly, particularly for ACZn.…”

Removal of Pb2+ ions from synthetic wastewater using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with green synthesized iron oxide–gold nanocomposite

“…Several low-cost natural adsorbents have been reported for lead (II) ion removal -these include: rusk husk (Kulkami, 2016), palm oil fibre (Nwabanne and Igbokwe, 2012), velvet tamarind (Dialium indum) shells (Akoji, 2019), egg shells (Arunlertaree et al, 2007), date trees (Boudrahem et al, 2011), elemi seed, mucuna shell and oyster shell (Okolo et al, 2020). Nanocomposites (Tao et al, 2020), polymers (Mahmud et al, 2014, activated carbon (Alguacil et al, 2018;Zafarzadeh et al, 2018), zeolite (Pandey et al, 2015;Dawagreh et al, 2017;Elboughdiri, 2020), silica gel (Li et al, 2019) and other materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have all been studied as possible adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from wastewater (Ouni et al, 2019). However, CNTs are considered as the preferred adsorbents in many applications such as inorganic and/or organic pollutants removal, because they possess high surface area and porosity and can be easily modified to possess expected functional groups.…”

Removal of Pb(II) in Aqueous Solutions Using Synthesized Zeolite X from Ecuadorian Clay

“…Adsorption is an efficient separation technique that has been in use for a long time to remove heavy metal ions. In aqueous solutions, a wide variety of solid adsorbents have been reported, such as natural zeolites (Belova, 2019), bentonite (Ramola, Belwal, Li, Wang, and Zhou, 2020), cassava peel (Albis, 2016), activated carbon (Zafarzadeh, Sadeghi, Golbini-Mofrad, and Beirami, 2018), carbon nanotubes (Wang, Zhou, Peng, Yu, and Yang, 2007) or clay monoliths (Ahrouch, Gatica, Draoui, Bellido, and Vidal, 2019), among others.…”