Removal of lead and cobalt using lignocellulosic fiber derived from Citrus reticulata waste biomass

Abstract

The present investigation explored the use of Citrus reticulata waste biomass (CWB) for the removal of Pb(II) and Co(II) from the aqueous solutions. The Pb(II) and Co(II) biosorption was found to be dependent on pH of the solution, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle size, temperature, shaking speed, contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. A metal uptake capacity of 41.16 and 52.64 mg/g was observed at pH 5 and 7 for Pb(II) and Co(II), respectively. The biosorption data followed the Freundlich model for both metals. The overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo-second order kinetics. The effect of several pretreatments on the biosorption efficiency of CWB was also investigated. The results demonstrated that pretreatments influenced the biosorption capacity of the biomass for the both metals significantly. Maximum biosorption capacity of 83.77 and 95.55 mg/g was observed for Pb(II) and Co(II) with sodium hydroxide treated and simply heated biomass, respectively. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of -OH, -NH, -COOH groups in the biomass. The surface structure of CWB was analyzed by JEOL JMT 300 scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the existence of metal ions on the surface of biosorbent was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions using Eucalyptus citriodora distillation sludge

“…According to adsorption theory, adsorption decreases with increase in temperature and molecules adsorbed earlier on a surface tend to desorb from the surface at elevated temperatures (Jnr and Spiff 2005;Bhatti et al 2010). As the process of biosorption is exothermic in nature, so by increasing the temperature rate of biosorption should decrease.…”

“…Chemical treatment with acids, alkali, EDTA, ammonium sulfate and glutaradehyde decreased the biosorption capacity of ECDS as compared to native biomass. The decrease in biosorption capacity of ECDS might be due to the damaging of binding sites of biomass on protonation of biomass with acids, destruction of autolytic enzymes responsible for putrefaction of biomass by alkali and masking of active sites by glutaradehyde (Zubair et al 2008;Boota et al 2009;Bhatti et al 2010). Ammonium sulfate is a salting agent it can cause precipitation, which decreased the sorption capacity of biomass.…”

“…These techniques are often expensive and inefficient, complicated and have production of toxic chemical sludge and its disposal problems (Dursun 2006;Boota et al 2009;Bhatti et al 2010). Hence, it is necessary to find suitable alternative technologies which are affordable, efficient and can compliment or replace the existing methods.…”

Cempedak Durian (Artocarpus sp.) Peel as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Toxic Methyl Violet 2B from Aqueous Solution

“…This leads to research on alternative, low-cost materials to substitute commercial activated carbon. Some low-cost adsorbents still include pine needle [6], peat [7][8][9][10], yeast [11], clay [12], duckweed [13], bacteria [14,15], fruit wastes [16,17], plant wastes [18,19] and algae [20,21], most of which are abundant and do not produce toxic byproducts.…”

Adsorptive removal of direct dyes by low cost rice husk: Effect of treatments and modifications

“…Physical modifications such as boiling, heating, autoclaving and chemical treatments with acids, alkali, salts, surfactants and some organic compounds enhanced or decreased the biosorption capacities of pollutants such as metals and dyes (Selatnia et al, 2004;Janos et al, 2009;Asgher and Bhatti, 2010). The pretreatments or modifications of the biomass may increase the surface area of the biomass and enhanced the amount of pollutant sorbed from aqueous solution (Oei et al, 2009;Bhatti et al, 2010).…”