Removal of iron for safe drinking water

Chaturvedi, Shalini; Dave, Pragnesh N.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.003

Cited by 167 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Although iron is an essential mineral for humans, its presence in groundwater above a certain level makes the water unusable mainly for aesthetic considerations such as discoloration, metallic taste, odor, turbidity and staining of laundry (Chaturvedi and Dave, 2012). Hardness is also an issue found in groundwater related to the presence of calcium and magnesium.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Filter Fabrication from a Mixture of KMnO4 Modified Kapok Carbon Fiber, Zeolite, Bentonite and Clay for Fe3+Removal and Water Hardness Treatment

Thongdee¹,

Parun²,

Benjatitmongkhon³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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A water filter was fabricated from a mixture of KMnO 4 modified kapok carbon fiber, zeolite, bentonite and kaolinite clay for Fe 3+ removal and water hardness treatment. The effects of amount of KMnO 4 modified kapok carbon fiber (30-60 wt%), zeolite (20-40 wt%) and sintering temperature (500-700°C) on the properties of sintered products were evaluated. The best of sintered products were tested for treatment of solutions with 5 mg L −1 Fe 3+ and 40-200 mg L −1 total water hardness. The results show that the physical properties of the sintered products were affected by the contents of KMnO 4 modified kapok carbon fiber and sintering temperature. The linear drying shrinkages of the mixture of raw materials increase with increasing content of modified kapok carbon fiber amounts due to the effect of water amount used for mixing process. Furthermore, firing shrinkages of sintered products increased with increasing sintering temperature for the same ratio of raw materials. Finally, the firing shrinkages and density of sintered products decrease with increasing content of the modified kapok carbon fiber at constant sintering temperature. It was shown that the sintered product made with 40 wt% of KMnO 4 modified kapok carbon fiber and sintered at 600°C is suitable for filter fabrication. The KMnO 4 modified kapok carbon fiber filter could adsorb 5-6% more Fe 3+ at equilibrium than filter made with kapok carbon fiber. The Fe 3+ was removed by adsorption and precipitation processes. The Fe 3+ adsorption process of modified kapok carbon fiber filter was fitted to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 53.76 mg g −1 . For hardness removal, the Ca for Mg 2+ and 28.1-123.5 mg g −1 for HCO 3¯, respectively.

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Filter Fabrication from a Mixture of KMnO4 Modified Kapok Carbon Fiber, Zeolite, Bentonite and Clay for Fe3+Removal and Water Hardness Treatment

Thongdee¹,

Parun²,

Benjatitmongkhon³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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“…As indicated by the current study, Fe 2+ in water was above the desirable levels (0.3 mg/L) in drinking water and the inhibition of microorganisms was maximum at the highest level of Fe 2+ (3 mg/L). (Chaturvedi and Dave, 2012). However, certain bacteria can clog with iron precipitates and could be removed from the drinking water.…”

Section: Effects Of Dissolved Iron and Residual Chlorine On Microbialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of iron corrosion in cast iron pipes on the microbiological quality of drinking water: a laboratory and field investigation

Munasinghe

Abayasekara

Jayawardana³

et al. 2017

Ceylon J. Sci.

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Iron pipelines are commonly used in old drinking water distribution systems, adding rust to pipe-borne water. Chlorine added to water for disinfection could react with iron that leaches from these iron pipelines, thereby reducing available free chlorine for disinfection. The consumption of dissolved chlorine by iron and consequent effects on the microbiological quality of drinking water were investigated, by spiking Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli into different known mixtures of Fe 2+ and chlorine. Twenty seven water samples were collected from three water supply systems at the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and investigated for its iron content, residual chlorine and microbial quality. The selected water distribution system is 60 years old and is corroded to a large extent, adding rust to the pipe-bone water. The results indicated that the rate of chlorine consumption in water was directly proportional to the content of Fe 2+ ion in water. The Fe 2+ concentration in drinking water in iron pipelines ranged from <0.01 to 0.64 mg/L, while the desired residual chlorine levels were not obtained. Both total and fecal coliforms were detected in some samples indicating that the disinfection was not effective due to chlorine consumption in the distribution system. It was also observed that a high level of ferrous ions in water was inhibitory to microorganisms by forming iron-bacteria clumps in water.

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“…The ferrihydrite coats the sand grains, where it leads to autocatalysis of the oxidation reaction (7,8). The autocatalytic reaction makes the iron oxidation very efficient, and removes the need for a reaction tank before the sand filter (6).…”

Section: Sand Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%