Removal of invasive Scotch broom increases its negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities

Slesak, Robert A.; Harrington, Timothy B.; D’Amato, Anthony W.; Peter, David H.

doi:10.1007/s00442-021-05099-z

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In both mesocosm and field experiments, removal of the broom, instead of favouring rose growth, favoured the establishment of other nonnative species. These findings are in line with a growing body of evidence suggesting that invasive legumes facilitate other nitrophilic species, mainly nonnative grasses and herbs, due to increases in soil nitrogen content that persist as a legacy after their removal (Corbin & D'Antonio, 2004;Garrett & Gibson, 2020;Grove et al, 2015;Slesak et al, 2022). This effect could also have been amplified by strong release in above-ground competition after broom removal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly

et al. 2023

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As biological invasions increasingly threaten biodiversity, the removal of invasive nonnative species emerges as a possibility to recover the structure and function of native communities. Yet, we have limited knowledge of how communities assemble after nonnative removals. Since most ecosystems are invaded by multiple nonnative species, the impact of their removal likely depends on the interactions among nonnative species which, in turn, are contingent on the environmental context in which they occur. We evaluated the community assembly after the targeted removal of two highly invasive shrubs, Sweetbriar rose (Rosa rubiginosa) and Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius). The removal was performed at two different times in the growing season (early or late removal) in field and mesocosm communities. In search of general patterns across species, we modelled species responses as a function of their origin (i.e. native/nonnative) and functional traits. We found evidence for negative and asymmetric interactions between dominant invasive species that translated into changes in the abundances of the rest of the species in the community. Depending on the identity of the removed species, the removal of invasive species affected community assembly by promoting other nonnative species or hindering the performance of native species. These effects were modulated by the timing of removal and did not depend on leaf or seed traits. Synthesis. Accounting for nonnative interactions and their temporal dependency should improve our inferences about assembly processes and the effectiveness of nonnative removal aimed at reducing the accumulation of nonnatives.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly

et al. 2023

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“…Soil-driven mechanisms are involved in making plant communities more resistant or vulnerable to non-native plant species invasion, with PSF featuring as the underlying mechanism (Dawson and Schrama 2016;Klironomos 2002;Levine et al 2006). Soil chemical properties can explain invasions and could be considered a component of PSF (Slesak et al 2022). Recent reviews point to large variation in the effects non-native invasive species have on soil properties (Lee et al 2017;Lone et al 2019;Xu et al 2022).…”

Section: The Role Of Plant-soil Feedback In Plant Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is becoming clearer that the important role of PSF in plant invasion is context-and temporallydependent. For example, the study of Slesak et al (2022) on Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius L.) suggests strong context-dependency since the effects of Scotch broom on soil physiochemical properties were more pronounced in less fertile sites. In this case, identifying context-dependency of the effects of plant invasion on PSF can help focus management efforts on removing Scotch broom from lowquality sites first.…”

Section: The Role Of Plant-soil Feedback In Plant Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We require more long-term tests or assessments of the ongoing role of PSF (i.e., soil legacy effects; see next section) after non-native plant removal has been done by land managers. Recent work suggests the importance of removing non-native plant invaders rapidly during the establishment phase (Chen et al 2021;de la Peña et al 2010;Slesak et al 2022). The strength, direction, context dependency and temporal stability of invasion-related PSF, as well as the biological, chemical, and physical mechanisms behind them, must be taken into account after non-native plant removal to better inform restoration efforts.…”

Section: The Role Of Plant-soil Feedback In Plant Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant-soil feedback: incorporating untested influential drivers and reconciling terminology

et al. 2023

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Background Plants condition the soil in which they grow, thereby altering the performance of subsequent plants growing in this soil. This phenomenon, known as plant-soil feedback (PSF), has garnered increasing interest. Experiments are moving from single species soil pairings in the glasshouse to community-level field trials. Consequently, our knowledge of the role PSF plays in shaping ecosystem functions has advanced. However, knowledge gaps remain. Scope Here, we explore intrinsic and extrinsic abiotic and biotic drivers of PSF such as maternal effects, plant functional traits, self-DNA, plant-plant competition, herbivory, interactions between soil organisms, temperature, drought, flooding, greenhouse gases, (micro)nutrients, plant-litter-soil feedback and priority effects. These drivers have begun to feature in experiments, thereby increasing our mechanistic understanding of PSF. Nonetheless, many of these topics have received insufficient coverage to determine general principles across larger temporal and spatial scales. Further, conflicting terminology has excluded PSF studies from reviews and meta-analyses. We review terms such as soil sickness, Janzen-Connell hypothesis, soil-related invasive species work, soil legacies, allelopathy and soil-related succession that overlap with PSF but are generally not named as such. Conclusion Holistic experimental designs that consider the continual reciprocal feedback between the extrinsic environment, plants and soil, as well as the unification of terminologies are necessary if we are to realise the full potential of PSF for understanding and steering ecosystem processes. Here, we compile outstanding questions related to PSF research that emphasis the aforementioned topics and suggest ways to incorporate them into future research in order to advance plant-soil ecology.

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“…The removal of non‐native species dominating a community increases the availability of resources such as light, water, and soil nutrients, as well as vacant space for habitat, which can increase invasion opportunities for other non‐native species (Davis et al 2001). Such secondary invasions can make it difficult to reestablish native plants (Kettenring & Adams 2011; Slesak et al 2022) due to factors such as shading, belowground competition for soil water and nutrients, and allelopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary invasion by an invasive shrub limits native tree seedling growth in a size‐dependent manner following the eradication of a different invasive species in an island ecosystem

Hata,

Kawakami,

Kachi

2023

Restoration Ecology

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Following the control of an invasive tree species, native forest ecosystem restoration can be prevented by a secondary invasion by another invasive species that inhibits the reestablishment of native trees. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the invasive shrub Leucaena leucocephala on the initial growth of planted seedlings of four native tree species (Pandanus boninensis, Rhaphiolepis indica, Schima mertensiana, and Terminalia catappa) after eradication of the invasive tree Casuarina equisetifolia in the Ogasawara Islands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In a 24‐month field experiment, we compared the sizes of planted seedlings (diameter at ground level, height, and leaf number) among four treatments in a 2 × 2 design of initial seedling size (large vs. small) × L. leucocephala invasion (sowing L. leucocephala seeds vs. control). More than 75% of the seedlings (excluding S. mertensiana) survived regardless of the treatments. For all four species, initially large seedlings tended to become larger plants at the end of the experiment than initially small seedlings. We detected significant effects of L. leucocephala invasion on one or more plant size parameters in all four species. Seedlings grown in L. leucocephala invasion quadrats were smaller than those in control quadrats at the end of the experiment. We detected significant interactions between initial seedling sizes and L. leucocephala invasion for three species. Together, these results indicate that secondary invasion by L. leucocephala after controlling C. equisetifolia inhibits the initial growth of native tree seedlings, depending on their size at the time of invasion.

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Removal of invasive Scotch broom increases its negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly

Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly

Plant-soil feedback: incorporating untested influential drivers and reconciling terminology

Secondary invasion by an invasive shrub limits native tree seedling growth in a size‐dependent manner following the eradication of a different invasive species in an island ecosystem

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