“…These adsorbents include many materials that have been tested for cadmium ions removal from wastewater such as algae [ 63 ], coal fly ash [ 64 ], bone char [ 65 ], rice husk [ 66 ], yeast biomass [ 67 ], seaweed waste [ 68 ], sawdust [ 69 , 70 ], rice polish [ 71 ], spent grain [ 72 ] and brown marine microalgae [ 73 ]. Other investigated adsorbents have proved to be effective for certain heavy metal ions such mercury Hg(II), which is removed by flash ash [ 74 ], coal [ 70 , 75 ] and rice-husk ash [ 76 ]. Copper Cu(II) ions were found to be efficiently removed by maple sawdust [ 7 ] and soil and clay [ 77 ].…”