Removal of impurities from scandium chloride solution using 732-type resin

Quaternization of algal/PEI beads (a new sorbent): Characterization and application to scandium sorption from aqueous solutions

“…Different types of sorbents have been reported for the sorption of scandium from dilute solutions, including (a) biosorbents such as yeast [17], bacteria [18] or algae [19], carbon-based materials [20], resins [21][22][23][24]; impregnated resins [25][26][27]. Recently a new generation of materials has been designed using the interactions of alginate and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for manufacturing bead sorbents [28].…”

The Future of Scandium Recovery from Wastes

“…In order to address this issue, several methods were developed at laboratory scale, including extraction with ionic liquids [31] or supported ionic liquid phase [30], solid-liquid extraction with mesoporous silica [32], and precipitation-leaching [28]. In addition, the pre-concentration or purification of the leachate though major impurity removal with resins (adsorption and ion exchange) has been reported by Zhang et al and Zhou et al [33,34].…”

Microbe-Encapsulated Silica Gel Biosorbents for Selective Extraction of Scandium from Coal Byproducts

“…Solid–liquid extraction (SLE) has emerged as an attractive alternative for Sc extraction due to the elimination of toxic, inflammable, and expensive organic solvents (diluent + extractant) and the facile reuse of adsorbent materials . A number of adsorbent materials have been developed for Sc recovery, including polyelectrolytes, carbon-based materials, polymer resins, and silica. − These adsorbents exhibit high Sc adsorption capacity owing to their high surface area and abundant negatively charged functional groups, , but their utility to extract Sc in the presence of competing lanthanides remains largely unknown, a barrier for their application to low-grade Sc feedstocks. ,,,,, Microbe-mediated surface adsorption (biosorption) via metal complex formation with the surface functional group offers a potentially cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach for SLE of REE from dilute feedstock sources. − Previous work has shown that Sc was preferentially adsorbed to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli when Sc was present at the same concentrations as the lanthanides. , Several yeast species were found to preferentially adsorb Sc over Y, Fe, and Al in both synthetic solutions and red mud leachates . While these initial studies are promising, it remains an open question, however, whether biosorption can be effectively applied for selective and scalable Sc recovery from relevant industrial feedstocks.…”