Removal of Impurities from Gases to be Processed at Low Temperatures

Dodge, Barnett F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7826-6_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The conditions are relatively easy to meet for absorption and regeneration, causing the energy penalty to be fairly low. By considering the column height, amine plants could reduce CO 2 to 50 ppm (Jou et al 1995) or even 10 ppm (Dodge 1972). Currently, the largest scrubber in Trona California captures 800 tons·d -1 of CO 2 , cf ~6900 tons·d -1 , which would be required for a 350 MW power station unit .…”

Section: Amines Scrubbing Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon Capture and Storage

2015

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is a leading geoscientist of his generation, venture capitalist, and a significant figure in the politics of Colorado. In this article he reviews some inconvenient truths about the timely implementation of CCS projects in the US, some of which may resonate in other countries seeking CO 2 reduction measures.T he greatest challenge to carbon capture and storage (CCS) is likely to be economic rather than technical. A September 2008 McKinsey report estimated that the first commercial scale CCS projects, potentially to be built soon after 2020, would cost €35-50 per metric ton of CO 2 abated. They assume that if 500+ projects were built by 2030, the cost might fall to €25-40 per ton. About two-thirds of that cost is for CO 2 capture.It is interesting to consider those costs on a global scale. A study by Pacala and Socolow implies that we need to cut a cumulative 25 Gton of CO 2 over the next 50 years just to cap the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere at a modest 500 ppm (we are now at 390 ppm). If all of our solutions cost €25 per ton, the economic impact would be €625 billion ($833 billion) over the next 50 years.Reducing CO 2 is a global issue, but the US creates 20% of the problem. It also offers an interesting case study on the difficulty of finding practical solutions in a challenging political and economic environment. Hopefully along the way the reader will discover opportunities as well as pitfalls to avoid.According to the US Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (DOE-EIA), 98% of America's human-generated CO 2 comes from energy use, with 40% of that from electricity (coal and natural gas) and 33% from transportation (mostly petroleum). Coal produces 45% of America's electricity and natural gas produces 23% (see Figure 1).McKinsey's study notes that 'Retrofitting of existing power plants is likely to be more expensive than new installations, and economically feasible only for relatively new plants (with high efficiencies).' But according to the DOE-EIA, over the past 20 years coal contributed only 3.7% of total added US capacity while natural gas accounted for 88%. Few modern, efficient US coal plants have been added in the past 20 years.'Efficiency' is a term used to define the conversion of the theoretical energy content of a fuel into electricity. The McKinsey report notes that the energy required for the CCS CO 2 capture process increases the amount of coal that must be burned per MW-hour delivered, and estimates a CCS 'efficiency penalty' of 10%. This means that if a future coal plant could be built to achieve a 50% thermal efficiency, CCS would decrease that efficiency to 40%. Such a plant would be burning 50/40=1.25 times as much coal per MW-hour. And burning 25% more coal would also increase harmful emissions since CCS captures only about 90% of CO 2 and none of the other pollutants.CCS also faces storage challenges, such as site selection, CO 2 transportation costs, pipeline and CCS site permits, and uncertainties in monitoring CO 2 sequestration. Leakage of just 0.5% per year w...

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Section: Amines Scrubbing Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon Capture and Storage

2015

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“…Though it has been suggested that amine plants can reduce CO 2 to 50 p.p.m. [12] or even around 10 p.p.m., the column height required would be considerable [15].…”

Section: Industrial Gas Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Scrubbing from Air for Alkaline Fuel Cells Using Amine Solution in a Packed Bubble Column

Wallace

Krumdieck

2005

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…The hot potassium carbonate process, also known as the Benfiled process, has been used commercially for treating acid gas streams for many years [16][17][18]. It has been well known that small amount of certain organic or inorganic additives can enhance the absorption rate significantly [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Rate of CO2 in DEA Promoted K2CO3 Solution at High Temperatures

Qin¹,

Xie²,

Fu³

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment

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Abstract. The absorption rates of CO 2 in diethanolamine (DEA) promoted potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) solution at normal pressure with temperature ranging from 343.2K to 363.2K were investigated. The mass fractions of DEA and K 2 CO 3 respectively ranged from 0 to 0.02, and 0.35 to 0.40. The results revealed the effects of DEA concentration and temperatures on the absorption rate of CO 2 . IntroductionThe utilization of grand amount of fossil fuel causes large emission of CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, which has destructively affected global climate through the so-called "greenhouse effect" [1][2][3]. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of promising routes to reduce CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants [4].Over the past years, numerous methods have been proposed for post-combustion CO 2 capture [5][6][7]. Some of the commercially used methods are chemical absorption, physical absorption and membrane separation. Potassium carbonate(K 2 CO 3 ) and amines like monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA), can remove acid gas constituents from sour gas streams for a large-scale implementation. K 2 CO 3 has a number of advantages over the amine-based solvents, including low cost, low toxicity, characteristic of refractory, and so on. One of the most important advantages is that the absorption can occur at high temperatures, making regeneration process more efficient and economical [8]. The biggest challenge associated with using K 2 CO 3 as a solvent is that it has a low rate of reaction, resulting in poor CO 2 mass transfer[9-13], thus promoters were often added to the solvent to improve the CO 2 mass-transfer rates.The concept of the addition of amine to carbonate system to enhance CO 2 absorption has been known for a long time [14,15]. The hot potassium carbonate process, also known as the Benfiled process, has been used commercially for treating acid gas streams for many years [16][17][18]. It has been well known that small amount of certain organic or inorganic additives can enhance the absorption rate significantly [19]. Moreover, due to its thermal stability, K 2 CO 3 is able to serve as absorbent at high temperatures. The solubilities of both K 2 CO 3 and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ) get much higher at high temperatures, which enables the use of high concentrated K 2 CO 3 aqueous solution as absorbent. Compared with the Benfield process, the absorption process using high concentrated K 2 CO 3 aqueous solutions at high temperatures is expected to achieve larger absorption amount of CO 2 and higher reaction rate [20,21] and reduce the pre-cooling energy requirements [22]. However, the absorption rate of CO 2 in DEA-K 2 CO 3 solution at high temperatures have not been well documented so far.The main purpose of this work is to determine an appropriate addition of DEA to high concentrated K 2 CO 3 aqueous solution at high temperatures, so that the high absorption rate can be achieved. To this end, the absorption rate of CO 2 in series of DEA-K 2 CO 3 aq...

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Removal of Impurities from Gases to be Processed at Low Temperatures

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon Dioxide Scrubbing from Air for Alkaline Fuel Cells Using Amine Solution in a Packed Bubble Column

Absorption Rate of CO2 in DEA Promoted K2CO3 Solution at High Temperatures

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