Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane

Abstract

Ibuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the potential solutions for IBP removal from wastewater owing to its advantages, such as the ability to remove a highly soluble solute, energy efficient and tuneable formulation. To develop this ELM, a series of parameters such as stirring speed, emulsification time, organic to internal phase volume ratio (O/I), internal phase concentration, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration were studied. The extraction was carried out for 15 min stirring time and the concentration of IBP in the feed phase was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation for the ELM was found at 300 rpm stirring speed, 20 min emulsification time, 3:1 of O/I, 0.1 M ammonia, NH3 (stripping agent), 6 wt% trioctylamine, TOA (carrier) and 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate, Span 80 (non-ionic surfactant). IBP removal of 89% was achieved at the optimum parameters of ELM. The current research demonstrated that a newly formulated ELM has great potential in removing a low concentration IBP from wastewater.

Chlorpyrifos Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Emulsion Liquid Membrane – Stability, Extraction, and Stripping Studies

“…It can be specifi ed as the time required to achieve maximum extraction of CP. Mixing time, also known as contact time, is defi ned as the period of time in which the external feed phase stays in direct contact with the emulsion while continuously stirring (Benderrag et al 2022, Ahmad et al 2021). Figure 7 shows the Therefore, a 10 min.…”

Performance Evaluation of Emulsion Liquid Membrane on Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Removal: Stability, Mass Transfer Coefficient, and Extraction Efficiency Studies

“…Mixing time can be specified as the time required to achieve maximum extraction and is a necessary factor in the ELM process [30]. Mixing time, also known as contact time, is defined as the period in which the external feed phase stays in direct contact with the emulsion while continuously stirring [31,32]. Figure 4 shows the effect of mixing time on emulsion breakage and the percentages of extraction and stripping for times ranging from 2 to 20 minutes.…”

pH and Design on n–Alkyl Alcohol Bulk Liquid Membranes for Improving Phenol Derivative Transport and Separation

“…For the phenolic acid derivative, ArOH, of total concentration C, as a result of equilibrium (9) in solution, we have the chemical species ArOH (phenol) and ArO -(phenolate) [45]:…”

“…In the extraction with solvents, the aqueous source phase and the organic solvent contact each other intimately through vigorous stirring in a dedicated extractor, after which the organic solvent containing the recovered chemical species is separated (a step that has a relatively long duration). The solvent containing the chemical species of interest is introduced in a stripping apparatus, where it is contacted with a receiving aqueous phase (significantly smaller in volume than the source phase) in order to recover and concentrate the target chemical species [9,10]. However, stripping also takes place over a long period of time, being, in fact, a re-extraction [11].…”