Removal of heavy metals in wastewater in a clay soil matrix using electro‐osmosis

Abstract

The feasibility of using electro-osmosis for removal of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Pb)

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Aqueous Suspensions of Synthetic Saponites

“…It should be noted that no unique water orientation can be deduced from dipolar and quadrupolar residual splittings (31), but from the relative sign of the sible for it [1,2]. Both sodium and calcium counterions are present in the natural saponite, but synthetic minerals are cules with respect to the director changes the residual quadrupolar anisotropy A (see Theory).…”

“…Our previous studsurface of synthetic clays have been calculated from [2] ies on clay suspensions show that two interfacial water sites (Table 1).…”

“…Clay suspensions were stirred overnight ei-of each interfacial site i (value between 01 and 1), x Å ther in water, in water/acetonitrile mixtures, or in aqueous e 2 qQ/h(eq Å V zz ; h is Planck's constant), is the quadrupolar solutions of tetrapropylammonium bromide (Aldrich), as coupling constant, u LD is the angle between the z axes of the described previously (11, 12). 2 H, 14 N, and 23 Na NMR spec-principal coordinate systems associated with the laboratory tra were recorded on a Bruker AM 300WB spectrometer (B 0 frame and with the director (which may be an axis normal Å 7.05 T) at the Larmor frequencies of 46.075, 21.688, to the clay surface), and (p B ) i is the population of interfacial and 79.391 MHz, respectively. The uncertainty on the half-molecules in each site i.…”

“…Despite the numerous studies, the microuses in many industrial applications including drilling fluids structure of water and the distribution of counterions near (1), suspending agents (2), and water treatment (3). These the clay surface are still a controversial matter.…”

On‐farm remediation and fertility enhancement of cadmium‐contaminated silt loam by electrokinetic treatment process in Taiwan

“…Therefore, an electrolyte compound should be provided in the soil to maintain great conductivity during soil treatment. The main cleanup mechanisms of the EK process are electromigration, electrolysis, and electroosmosis (Ray and Ramsey, 1987). The general electrolytic reaction can be expressed as follows: …”