Removal of heavy metals by surface tailored copper ion enhanced ceramic-supported-polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane

Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications

“…Steric hindrance is responsible for the rejection of ions with diameters larger than the pore size of the membrane [ 64 ]. Size exclusion and the Donnan effect are considered important methods for measuring membrane efficiency during separation [ 65 ]. Size exclusion occurs when the ions of feed solution at different sizes are introduced onto the nanofiltration membrane, and the membrane starts to select specific ions to pass through it [ 66 ].…”

Catalysis interfaced multifunctional membranes for sustainable treatment of water and wastewater

“…Graphene-based membranes have displayed incredible molecular separation qualities for water filtration and gases, attracting a huge surge of interest in recent years. Logically single-atom-thick graphene is significant for serving as a membrane hurdle since it has been proven to be resistant to atoms, molecules, and ions like helium [102]. Certainly, graphene oxide (GO), incorporates pure sections, oxidized regions, and a low fraction of holes, and also attracted a lot of interest in grouping separation membranes with amazing separation functionalities due to the various transfer routes [103].…”

“…investigated a surface-tuned copper ion-improved ceramic-supported-polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, and copper ions were used to modify the membrane surfaces to eliminate cationic and anionic heavy metals from wastewater including Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), As(V), and Cr(VI). All heavy metals were eliminated with outstanding efficiency >95% using the GPCu0.5 membrane (surface modified with 0.5 wt% copper chloride solution) and there was no discernible decline in flux [102].…”