Removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater using graphene oxide-based nanomaterials: A critical review

Recent progress in semiconductor/graphene photocatalysts: synthesis, photocatalytic applications, and challenges

“…6,7 Various types of dyes are available commercially, and they are used in various industrial dyeing processes, e.g., in rubber, textile, paper, paint, printing, plastic, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and leather sectors. 6,8 The world consumes over 800 000 tons of organic dyes annually, where approximately 20% of the total dyes production is wasted during various industrial dying processes. [9][10][11] Effluents resulting from the textile and dyeing industries process usually contain mixtures of dyes, metal ions, and other pollutants, as well as to its elevated levels of biochemical oxygen demand, pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, salts, and colors.…”

“…Moreover, graphene has a large surface area (2630 m 2 g −1 ), a highly exible structure, high thermal conductivity (z5000 W m −1 K −1 ), and high transparency (optical transmittance is 97.7%). 6,8,[30][31][32][33] Graphene is hydrophobic and chemically inert due to the absence of undesirable functional groups. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) are two common counterparts of graphene.…”

Synthesis, characterization and application of chitosan/graphene oxide/copper ferrite nanocomposite for the adsorptive removal of anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater

“… 4 Colored compounds and other pollutants are heavily found in effluents discharged from textile and dyeing manufacturing. 5 As a result, effluents must be effectively treated before being released into the aquatic environment to eliminate these harmful substances. 5 Currently, the primary methods for effluent remediation are reverse osmosis membrane, electrodialysis, photocatalysis, ion exchange, flocculation, and adsorption.…”

“… 15 To circumvent these shortages, GO should be amended to enhance both its adsorption features and its recovery from sludge. 5 Further, natural biomass is commonly used as an absorbent material due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and availability. Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer that is abundant in nature and is relatively cheap.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Grafted with Copolymer of Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Biocomposite for Adsorption of Dyes

“…In recent years, the introduction of nanomaterials as highly efficient adsorbents for organic pollutants has revolutionized the scope of contaminant remediation and environment management [ 10 , 11 ]. In this connection, biocomposites synergizing high adsorption properties with photocatalytic activities proved their worth as highly efficient adsorbents for the removal and degradation of organic dyes [ 12 , 13 ].…”