Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater Using Micellar‐Enhanced Ultrafiltration Technique (MEUF): A Brief Review

Highly Selective Methodology for Entrapment and Subsequent Removal of Cobalt (II) Ions under Optimized Conditions by Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration

“…The removal of Co 2+ ions increases by the rising concentration of the surfactant because when the concentration is in the pre-micellar region, the surfactant monomers start forming complexes with the metals by the surface-adsorption phenomenon, [ 26 , 45 ] while in the post-micellar region, a large number of ions become adsorbed at the micellar surface due to the availability of more surfactant monomers to bind cations due to the electrostatic interaction between the micelles and the oppositely charged metal ions. So, a small-sized molecule which can be normally rejected by a membrane can bind to the micelles-charged polar head group and therefore enhance the size of the metal ion by ionic interactions, and obviously a large molecular weight can easily be retained by the membrane [ 9 ]. When the micelles form above the CMC level, at this stage, due to a negative charge on the polar head of both the SDS and SO, the surfactant interacts with the oppositely charged, i.e., positively charged, metal ions and therefore the metal ions become attached at the micelles’ surface or polar head groups [ 46 ].…”

“…These metals produce an imbalance in living organisms by developing several mechanisms, particularly in humans, resulting in a wide range of disorders. These ions are not only carcinogenic, but also cause nervous disorders, skin diseases, blood disorders, cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and mass accumulation in tissues [ 5 , 9 ].…”

“…As far as concerns regarding the surfactant cost, the surfactants, soaps, are already present in the textile effluent. MEUF is capable of removing multivalent ions due to the electrostatic interaction present between the micelles and the metal cations, and hence, a high yield of rejection percentage can be attained [ 9 ].…”

“…The use of surfactants or their micellar media for removing metal ions is really a need of the hour and can successively be removed by anionic surfactants as reported in the literature [ 9 ].…”

MEUF for removal and recovery of valuable organic components present in effluents: A process intensified technology

“…Existing literature reviews have not thrown light on the process design and exploration of process integrations (Chen et al, 2020; Schwarze, 2017; Yaqub & Lee, 2018; Yusaf et al, 2019). Hence, a critical review of existing literature in this is imperative for a comprehensive evaluation of MEUF as a viable technology alternative encompassing comparative analysis, cost evaluation.…”