Removal of free fatty acids in Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) oil using divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer resins for biodiesel production

Bala, V. Sathya Selva; Thiruvengadaravi, K.V.; Kumar, Prashant; Premkumar, M.P.; Vaidyanathan, Vinoth Kumar; Sankar, Shanmugasundaram; Kumar, Manish; Sivanesan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.032

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Using eq , the acid values of St-AA , St-AMPS , and St-AA-AMPS were calculated to be 188, 88, and 119 mg KOH g –1 , respectively. These values are much larger than those obtained from the natural fatty acids but close to those of the coatings …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymeric Surfactants Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups and the Effects of Hydrophilic Components on the Rheology and Dispersive Properties of Dye Dispersions

Ohtake

Ito

Horiba

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Water-soluble amphiphilic polymers containing styrene (St), acrylic acid (AA), or sulfonic acid moieties were synthesized and evaluated as polymeric surfactants for dye dispersions. 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) was employed as a hydrophilic monomer containing a sulfonic acid moiety. The sulfonic acid moieties are effective hydrophilic molecular components adding moderate redispersion properties. Rheology, particle size distribution, surface tension, surface excess (Γmax), minimum area per molecule (A min), and redispersion properties were examined. This is because these factors are important in controlling the physical properties of an ink solution and the quality of printed materials. After the examination of surface parameters, the copolymer using St, AA, and AMPS shows the highest Γmax, indicating that it is most densely packed at the water/air interface. Aqueous solutions of polymers containing an AA moiety exhibit pseudoplastic properties, whereas those containing only a sulfonic acid moiety show a clear Newtonian fluid property. All color dispersions show unimodal particle size distribution and stable dispersion after thermal aging. However, sedimentation of dye particles was observed for polymers containing AMPS. Incorporation of AA and AMPS moieties in the amphiphilic polymer structure is proven to be suitable for the redispersion of dried or solidified ink into aqueous media. Regarding the rheology and the surface parameters, this study has shown that water-soluble polymers with sulfonic acid groups exhibit different properties from those containing acrylic acid. The introduction of sulfonic acid groups into conventional amphiphilic polymers consisting solely of styrene and acrylic acid was found to improve the redispersion properties of the ink. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of water-soluble amphiphilic polymers containing sulfonic acid groups as dispersants for inkjet inks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymeric Surfactants Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups and the Effects of Hydrophilic Components on the Rheology and Dispersive Properties of Dye Dispersions

Ohtake

Ito

Horiba

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…However, the acid value of synthesized biodiesel was 0.8, which was higher than the standards EN 14,214 and ASTM D6751: this could be due to the presence of free fatty acid in the biodiesel product. A further purification step is therefore required in order to reduce the acid value [62].…”

Section: Properties Of Soursop Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Nguyen

Pham

et al. 2018

Energies

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This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

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“…The catalytic activity of Bronsted acids as homogeneous catalysts is high. However, such acid catalysts require special processing in the form of neutralization, which involves costly and inefficient catalyst separation from products [7]. The present tendency is to replace these catalysts by solid acid catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphuric acid modified biomass: A novel acid catalyst for effective esterification of free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Sathyaselvabala¹,

Janajreh²

2013

2013 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)

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The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol is studied using sulphuric acid activated biomass as acid catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction time and mass ratio of catalyst to oil were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions were 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 2 wt % catalyst, at reaction temperature of 60°C and reaction time of 3 h. Acid value reduced from 12 to 1.9 mgKOH/g of oil. The prepared reused sulphuric acid activated biomass at least three times without loss of activity.

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Removal of free fatty acids in Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) oil using divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer resins for biodiesel production

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymeric Surfactants Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups and the Effects of Hydrophilic Components on the Rheology and Dispersive Properties of Dye Dispersions

Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymeric Surfactants Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups and the Effects of Hydrophilic Components on the Rheology and Dispersive Properties of Dye Dispersions

Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Sulphuric acid modified biomass: A novel acid catalyst for effective esterification of free fatty acids for biodiesel production

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