Removal of free fatty acid in waste frying oil by esterification with methanol on zeolite catalysts

Chung, Kyong-Hwan; Chang, Duck-Rye; Park, Byung-Geon

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.031

Cited by 130 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…(Zhang et al, 2003). These include steam injection (Lertsathapornsuk et al, 2005), column chromatography (Ki-Teak and Foglia, 2002), ion-exchange resins (Shibasaki-Kitakawa et al, 2007), neutralization by film vacuum evaporation (Cvengros and Cvengrosova, 2004), vacuum filtration (Dias et al, 2008), and finally the most usual procedure of esterification of FFA with homogenous or heterogeneous acid catalysts ( Table 1) (Ghadge and Raheman, 2005;Chung et al, 2008;Zhang and Jiang, 2008;Lu et al, 2009;Bojan and Durairaj, 2010;Hayyan et al, 2010;Montefrio et al, 2010;Kombe et al, 2012;Ouachab and Tsoutsos, 2012).…”

Section: Waste-oriented Oil Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biodiesel production

et al. 2015

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HIGHLIGHTSThis article fully discusses the recent trends in the production of one the most attractive types of biofuels, i.e., biodiesel.with a focus on the existing obstacles for its large scale production. Moreover, recent innovations/improvements under three categories of upstream, mainstream, and downstream processes are also presented. Upstream strategies are mainly focused on seeking more sustainable oil feedstocks and/or enhancing the quality of waste-oriented ones. The mainstream strategies section highlights the numerous attempts made to enhance agitation efficiency including chemical and/or mechanical strategies. Finally, the innovative downstream strategies basically dealing with 1) separation of biodiesel and glycerin, 2) purification of biodiesel and glycerin, and 3) improving the characteristics of the produced fuel, are comprehensively reviewed.

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Section: Waste-oriented Oil Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biodiesel production

et al. 2015

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“…On the contrast, Brønsted-acid sites are present on the internal and external surface. Zeolite does not exhibit high activity in transesterificaiton, but it can be used for selective removal of FFAs in waste oil (Chung et al, 2008). HY zeolite has a large number of weak acid sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

Guo¹,

Fang²

2011

Biodiesel - Feedstocks and Processing Technologies

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“…However, at higher temperatures, particularly near the boiling of methanol, the boiling can provide sufficient agitation required for the reaction. It has been shown by several studies that a stirring speed beyond 600 rpm has no significant effect on the conversion (Mbaraka et al, 2003;Berrios et al, 2007;Chung et al, 2008;Zhang and Jiang 2008). Therefore, in this study a fixed stirring speed of 600 rpm was used for all experiments.…”

Section: Effect Of Stirring Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel hybrid catalyst for the esterification of high FFA in Jatropha oil for biodiesel production

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY:The synthesis and application of a hybrid catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in Jatropha oil is reported. Three catalysts, namely silica sulfuric acid, silica supported boron trifluoride and a combination of the two in the weight ratio of 1:1, the hybrid catalyst, were investigated. Jatropha oil samples with a wide range of FFA values i.e. 6.64 to 45.64% were prepared and utilized for the experimental work. This study revealed that silica sulfuric acid and silica supported boron trifluoride were not very effective when used independently. However, a strong synergistic effect was noted in the catalytic activity of the hybrid catalyst which reduced the FFA value from 45.64 to 0.903% with a conversion efficiency of 98%. Reusability of the catalyst was also tested and the results were promising in up to three cycles of use when used with lower amounts of FFA (6.64%) in the oil. Under the influence of the catalyst, the reaction was found to follow first order kinetics. Activation energy was calculated to be 45.42 KJ·mol −1 for 2 wt.% of hybrid catalyst. The products were analyzed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques and the results are reported. KEYWORDS:Biodiesel; Esterification; Free Fatty Acids; Heterogeneous catalysts; Jatropha oil RESUMEN: Catalizador novedoso híbrido para la esterificación de aceites de Jatropha con altos contenidos en ácidos grasos libres para la producción de biodiesel. Se aborda la síntesis mediante el uso de un catalizador híbrido en la esterificación de ácidos grasos libres (AGL) de aceites de Jatrofa. Se investigaron tres catalizadores: ácido sulfúrico sobre sílica, trifluoruro de boro sobre sílice y un catalizador híbrido, combinación de los dos anteriores en una relación 1:1en peso. Muestras de aceites de Jatrofa con una amplia gama de valores de FFA: desde 6,64 a 45,64% se prepararon y se utilizaron en la parte experimental de este trabajo. Este estudio mostró que los soportes de ácido sulfúrico sobre sílica y el de trifluoruro de boro sobre sílice no eran muy eficaces cuando se utilizan de forma independiente. Sin embargo, un fuerte efecto sinérgico se observó en la actividad catalítica del catalizador híbrido que reduce el valor de FFA de 45,64 a 903% con una eficiencia de conversión del 98%. La reutilización de catalizador también fue probado y los resultados fueron prometedores hasta tres ciclos de uso cuando se utiliza un aceite con menor cantidad de FFA (6,64%). Bajo la acción del catalizador, se encontró que la reacción sigue una cinética de primer orden. La energía de activación se calculó y fue de 45,42 kJ·mol −1 para el catalizador híbrido al 2% en peso. Se reportan los resultados de los productos analizados por técnicas espectroscópicas FT-IR y RMN.

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Removal of free fatty acid in waste frying oil by esterification with methanol on zeolite catalysts

Cited by 130 publications

References 28 publications

Recent trends in biodiesel production

Recent trends in biodiesel production

Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts

A novel hybrid catalyst for the esterification of high FFA in Jatropha oil for biodiesel production

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