ities in ciliary structure that impair mucociliary transport. 9 The finding of compound cilia alone in a patient does not in itself signify diminished mucociliary clearance. This finding requires evaluation with other tests such as technetium-99-labeled albumin scanning or possibly the cost-effective saccharin test. 1 Ciliary motion also can be evaluated with highspeed cinematography or a video system with slow-or stopmotion capabilities when viewing through a phase-contrast microscope. 2 The effects of compound cilia and other nonspecific axonemal defects on mucociliary clearance are not completely understood. 3 Our patient had slightly diminished mucociliary clearance, which can be attributed to her high numbers of compound cilia. These cilia are known to exist in mucosal disorders such as chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, and PCD, but it is unclear whether the abnormality is a cause or result of the disease. Conceivably the compound cilia are a result of mucosa undergoing rapid regeneration from various infectious conditions and conditions leading to ciliary destruction. Regardless, this abnormality may be seen in patients with chronic respiratory illnesses and, as in our case, in those with a mild immunodeficiency. More knowledge is needed concerning the influence of these ultrastructural abnormalities on the effectiveness of the mucociliary transport mechanism.
REFERENCES1. Karga J, Nuutinen J, Karjalainen P. Radioisotopic method for measurement of nasal mucociliary activity. Arch Otolaryngol 1982;108(2):99-101. 2. Rossman CM, Newhouse MT. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: evaluation and management. Pediatr Pulmonol 1988;5:36-50. 3. Mygind N, Pedersen M, Nielson MH. Primary and secondary ciliary dyskinesia. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1983;95(5-6): 688-94. 4. Burgersdijk FJA, DeGroot JC, Graamans K, Rademakers LH. Testing ciliary activity in patients with chronic and recurrent infections of the upper airways: experiences in 68 cases. Laryngoscope 1986;96(9 pt 1):1029-33. 5. LeMauviel L. Primary ciliary dyskinesia. West J Med 1991; 155(9):280-3. 6. Smallman LA. Microtubular abnormalities of cilia in acquired pulmonary diseases. Lancet 1984;1(8383):965-6. 7. Afzelius BA, Camner P, Mossberg B. Acquired ciliary defects compared to those seen in immotile-cilia syndrome. Eur J Respir Dis 1983;64(Suppl 127):5-10. 8. Rossman CM, Lee RMKW, Forrest JB, et al. Nasal cilia in normal man, primary ciliary dyskinesia and other respiratory disease: analysis of motility and ultrastructure. Eur J Resp Dis 1983;64(Suppl 127):71-7. 9. Min YG, Kim IT, Park SH. Mucociliary activity and ultrastructural abnormalities of regenerated sinus mucosa in rabbits.Whereas foreign bodies of the nose are relatively common, foreign bodies of the paranasal sinuses occur infrequently. They may present in a delayed fashion, frequently with symptoms of chronic inflammation, and necessitate careful removal because of their relationship to vital structures. 1 We present a case of chronic sinusitis caused by a sphenoid and ethmoid sinus foreign body of 16 years'...