2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109524
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Removal of fluoride in membrane-based water and wastewater treatment technologies: Performance review

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Cited by 99 publications
(46 citation statements)
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“…Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the separation and processing of complex mixtures, including industrial and domestic wastes, sea water [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. There is every reason to believe that their processing, along with recycling, would determine a major part of production of a number of metals and their compounds [ 39 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the separation and processing of complex mixtures, including industrial and domestic wastes, sea water [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. There is every reason to believe that their processing, along with recycling, would determine a major part of production of a number of metals and their compounds [ 39 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fluorine is an active non-metal element that has negatively charged species i.e., fluoride ions, and affects human health, which includes teeth and bones. Up to a certain concentration level, it can have a positive effect; however, above 1.5 mg L −1 , the impact is negative [1,2]. In particular, according to the International Standards Organization, the acceptable concentration values of fluoride in drinking water are usually 0.5-1.0 mg L −1 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In developing countries, this problem is more obvious because the drinking water is derived mainly from untreated groundwater therefore, the issue of effective fluoride removal becomes problematic in these areas, mainly due to the lack of adequate and basic infrastructure but also due to the lack of relevant knowledge [12,13]. Fluoride in the environment occurs both through its natural presence in the earth's crust, i.e., natural rocks, mainly as sellaite (MgF 2 ), fluorspar (CaF 2 ), cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ) and fluorapatite (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Ca(FCl 2 ) and through contamination of water bodies caused by anthropogenic actions, i.e., the excessive use of phosphate fertilizers that can reach the groundwater sources [2,8]. Among water sources, groundwater usually contains higher fluoride concentrations ranging from 1.0 mg L −1 to greater than 35.0 mg L −1 depending on the local geology, the physical and chemical behavior of the aquifer and its interface with the environment [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Different techniques have been reported for diminishing the fluoride ions level, which includes mainly precipitation, membrane techniques i. e., nanofiltration, and electrodialysis, and adsorption techniques . All these methods are well recognized to reduce fluoride ions concentration up to acceptable standards.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%