Removal of Fluoride from Water by Metal Ions (Al³⁺, La³⁺and ZrO²⁺) Loaded Natural Zeolite

Review of fluoride removal from drinking water

“…All the prepared samples showed maximum fluoride adsorption in the pH range of 4-8. Samatya et al (2007) have compared high-silica zeolite charge-reversed by Al 3þ, La 3þ and ZrO 2þ . Clinoptilolite-type natural zeolite (pore < 45 mm, Si/Al ratio 1: 0.175) was pre-conditioned with nitric acid solution before loading with Al 3þ , La 3þ , or ZrO 2þ .…”

Preparation of Al–Ce hybrid adsorbent and its application for defluoridation of drinking water

“…Since these metals are expensive, some cheaper components are commonly mixed with these metals to prepare the composite adsorbents. The hybrid adsorbents including the Fe(III)-Zr(IV) hybrid oxide [15], La(III)-modified chitosan [16], Zr(IV)-impregnated collagen fiber [17], as well as La(III) and ZrO(II) loaded zeolite [18] were reported to have high sorption capacity for fluoride. Some other bimetal adsorbents such as manganese-oxide-coated alumina [3] and Fe(III)-Al(III) mixed oxide [19] were also prepared and used to remove fluoride from aqueous solution.…”

Combined electrocoagulation and electroflotation for removal of fluoride from drinking water

“…Nowadays, the most popular processes for drinking water defluoridation are the adsorption using activated alumina [1][2][3], bone char [4,5], activated carbon [6,7] and other adsorbents [8,9], and the coagulation using aluminum salts [10]. Adsorption is effective in defluoridation, but its operation is complex.…”