Removal of emerging contaminants by emulsion liquid membrane: perspective and challenges

Performance Evaluation of Emulsion Liquid Membrane on Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Removal: Stability, Mass Transfer Coefficient, and Extraction Efficiency Studies

“…The breakdown of the emulsion usually occurs after a period when the emulsion is considered unstable, causing a gradual lowering of the removal efficiency along with a significant loss of extracted species [22]. The stability of the liquid membrane is considered the most essential factor affecting the efficiency of solute removal [23]. The tracer method (H + ion of the internal phase) was used to evaluate the stability because this tracer is easily detectable by a pH meter.…”

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Carboxylic Acids Separation

“…There are three main types of liquid membrane [114]: emulsion-ELM, supported-SLM and bulk-BLM. The first type of liquid membrane obtained by emulsification, ELM, implies intense phase mixing (5000-10,000 rpm) between the solvent and the aqueous phase in which the re-extraction takes place (internal phase), followed by dispersion of this emulsion (stabilized by a film of surfactant adsorbed at the interface between fluids) in gentle stirring conditions (200-400 rpm) in the aqueous phase, from which the solute is extracted (external phase).…”

“…Due to the positive effect of temperature on the decomposition rate of this compound, the variation from 25 • C to 35 • C caused the global mass transfer coefficient to increase from 50 to 70%. The stability and performance of the liquid membrane was maintained for 5.3 days [114]. 3 ratio of internal phase to diluent phase and 3:1 external phase to membrane phase ratio [118].…”

Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the electrochemical oxidation of polluted waters with pharmaceuticals used against COVID-19

“…Even at low concentrations (they are released from ng L -1 to mg L -1 ) they can cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms like endocrine disruption or growth affections, because their mode of action and their properties are not designed to treat these organisms [6] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [13] , [14] . Among all the pharmaceuticals detected in water sources, the presence of analgesics and anti-inflammatories, (paracetamol, ibuprofen, ketoprofen or dexamethasone), antibiotics (amoxicillin, azithromycin, or sulfamethoxazole) or psychiatric drugs (sertraline, clonazepam or fluoxetine) is worth highlighting [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] . In this way, hospital wastewater (HWW) effluents can contain very high concentrations of some pharmaceuticals.…”