Removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions using local raw material as adsorbent: a study in binary systems

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of a Cationic Dye Adsorption Onto Raw Clay

“…The functional groups contributing to the adsorption process were measured, and the FT-IR spectrum of clay adsorbent before and after the adsorption is in the wavenumber range 4,000-400 cm -1 and is presented in Figure 2. (16). The FTIR spectra of the raw clay and MB adsorbed clay showed that is a noticeable change in intensity of the bands with no change locations.…”

“…XRD analysis was obtained using an X-ray diffractometer (Philips PW 1830-40) with Nifiltered Cu X-ray tube devices at 2-40 degrees. FT-IR analysis was performed before and after the adsorption process, using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet S10 FT-IR spectrometer with wavenumber range from 400 to 4000 cm -1 (16).…”

“…For each isotherm model, standard errors (S.E) were also calculated to determine the isotherm that best fits the experimental data. Besides, a chi-square value (χ 2 ), which is a statistical data required for the suitability of the obtained adsorption system, was calculated using the same software (16,18). The nonlinear regression method, which was applied in the computerized process, that minimizes the error distribution between the experimental data and the estimated isotherms, was applied (19).…”

“…The XRD analysis indicates the predominance of quartz and calcite in the raw clayey material, with the most intense peaks, a low quantity of feldspar, smectite, and illite. The surface properties and characterization of adsorbent, which include clay minerals and non-clay minerals, are presented in detail in the previous paper (16). The functional groups contributing to the adsorption process were measured, and the FT-IR spectrum of clay adsorbent before and after the adsorption is in the wavenumber range 4,000-400 cm -1 and is presented in Figure 2.…”

“…The people of the region use clayey soils in the region for personal cleaning practices and the production of pottery since ancient ages. There are no studies other than the structural characterization of the clayey soil in the region and the determination of its adsorption capacity of heavy metals (16). It is imperative to determine the chemical, physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the materials that can be used as an industrial raw material in the region and to use the raw material without pretreatment without energy expenditure and secondary chemical waste.…”