Removal of Co and Cd by zeolite X

Soil cadmium stabilization using an Iranian natural zeolite

“…Zeolites, as natural cation exchangers, are suitable substitutes to remove toxic cations (Ames, 1961;Arellano et al, 1995;Mondale et al, 1995;Inglezakis et al, 2002). Among the natural zeolites, clinoptilolite seems to be the most efficient ion exchanger and ion selective material (Bittell and Miller, 1974;Nava et al, 1995) for removing and stabilizing heavy metals (Echeverria et al, 1998). Shanbleh and Kharabsheh (1996) used a natural zeolite additive to reduce the leaching of Pb + 2 , Cd + 2 and Ni + 2 from a soil contaminated with mixtures of the three metals.…”

Coordination of Cd2+ ions in the internal pore system of zeolite-X: A combined EXAFS and isotopic exchange study

“…Because of their ionic/molecular selectivity and ion exchange properties, zeolites received great attention in gas separation and catalysis industries. Over the last few decades, both synthetic and natural zeolites have been employed as reactive sorbents in radioactive liquid waste treatment (Qadeer et al, 1995;Sinha et al, 1995;Chmielewská-Horváthová, 1998) and for the removal of trace metal ions (e.g., Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cr 2+ , Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ ) from industrial effluents (Nava et al, 1995;Shibata and Seff, 1997;Colella et al, 1998;Ouki and Kavannagh, 1999;Barros et al, 2004).…”

Time-dependent sorption of Cd2+ on CaX zeolite: Experimental observations and model predictions

“…The application of synthetic zeolites (e.g., A-, X-, and Yzeolite) to ameliorate environmental pollution, particularly in relation to the removal of trace metal cations from contaminated waters, has received extensive attention and has been reported previously (Nikashina et al, 1976;Nava et al, 1995;Biskup and Subotic, 1998;Keane, 1998;Biskup and Subotic, 2000;Garcia-Sosa and Solache-Rios, 2001;Kim and Keane, 2002;Barros et al, 2004;Shevade and Ford, 2004). Synthetic zeolites have been the subject of considerable scientific and industrial interest due to their large ion exchange capacity, thermal and hydrothermal stability, large internal surface area, and well-defined framework structures.…”