Removal of Chromium Species by Adsorption: Fundamental Principles, Newly Developed Adsorbents and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Emerging chromium (Cr) species have attracted increasing concern. A majority of Cr species, especially hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), could lead to lethal effects on human beings, animals, and aquatic lives even at low concentrations. One of the conventional water-treatment methodologies, adsorption, could remove these toxic Cr species efficiently. Additionally, adsorption possesses many advantages, such as being cost-saving, easy to implement, highly efficient and facile to design. Previous research has shown that the application of different adsorbents, such as carbon nanotubes (carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives), activated carbons (ACs), biochars (BCs), metal-based composites, polymers and others, is being used for Cr species removal from contaminated water and wastewater. The research progress and application of adsorption for Cr removal in recent years are reviewed, the mechanisms of adsorption are also discussed and the development trend of Cr treatment by adsorption is proposed.

Optimization of batch and packed-bed column Cr(vi) adsorption of an amine-rich chitosan/polyethyleneimine composite: application in electroplating wastewater treatment

“…1,2 The effect of temperature and coexisting ions on the adsorption was also investigated. 3,4 The general procedure for Cr(VI) removal was as follows: CS-PEI-GLA dry powder was mixed with Cr(VI) solution and shaken at 120 rpm for the time indicated. Then, the suspension was allowed to settle, and an aliquot was withdrawn.…”

Removal of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Activated Carbon Generated from Liming Pelt Trimming with Tannin

“…Due to its efficacy, and availability, the utilization of natural, domestic, and agricultural wastes has attracted considerable interest in the last few years to remove chromium (VI) and other heavy metals from wastewater by adsorption processes (Bayuo et al 2022;Bayuo et al 2021;Bayuo et al 2020;Bayuo et al 2019;Zakaria et al 2023). The polyamine-modified carbon nanotubes (PA-CNTs) have been introduced to remove Cr(VI) (Liu et al 2023;Jia et al 2022). Graphen oxide-CaO, Graphen oxide-CaO and graphene Oxide chitosan α-FeO(OH) hybrid nanocomposite have been developed to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater (Singh et al 2022 a;Singh et al 2022 b;Liu et al 2022).…”

Preparation of a cationic hydrogel microsphere adsorbent for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution

“…7 Among them, the adsorption method has long been a research hotspot in Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment, due to its remarkable features such as easy operation, moderate treatment conditions, simple equipment, and low energy consumption. [7][8][9] Hydrogels are polymer materials with a three-dimensional network structure and a high concentration of hydrophilic groups. [10][11][12] Due to their large adsorption capacity, unique environmental sensitivity, and selective adsorption ability, hydrogel adsorbents have been widely employed to remove pollutants in wastewater, such as synthetic dyes, heavy metals, phenols, and phosphorus pollutants.…”

“…Currently, methods for treating Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater have been developed, including reduction‐precipitation, 3 electrolysis, 4 ion exchange, 5 membrane separation, 6 and adsorption 7 . Among them, the adsorption method has long been a research hotspot in Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater treatment, due to its remarkable features such as easy operation, moderate treatment conditions, simple equipment, and low energy consumption 7–9 …”