Removal of boron from water by electrodialysis: effect of feed characteristics and interfering ions

Electrocoagulation studies on removal of cadmium using magnesium electrode

“…Conventional methods for removing cadmium from water include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, co-precipitation, coagulation, complexation, solvent extraction, electrochemical treatment and adsorption [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Physical methods like ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis have proven to be either too expensive or inefficient to remove cadmium from water.…”

Membrane technologies for the removal of micropollutants in water treatment

“…Similar to RO, electrodialytic removal of boron from water and wastewater requires a high pH because boric ions are transported through an anion-exchange membrane (Bick & Oron, 2005;Kabay et al, 2008). The main advantage of ED compared with RO is the lesser sensitivity of ion-exchange membranes to pH and fouling.…”

Inorganic Micropollutants Removal by Means of Membrane Processes - State of the Art

“…The first method is preferably used according to its simplicity and elimination of other chemicals addition step. Electrodialytic removal of boron from water and wastewater, similarly to RO, also requires high pH value, as boric ions are transported through anion exchange membrane [13,47]. The main advantage of ED in comparison to RO is the smaller sensitivity of ion exchange membranes to pH and fouling.…”

“…However, even for such a high pH (9-10) chlorides are preferably transported and sulphates are removed in a similar extent as boron [13,47]. The low mobility of boric ions, in comparison with others, is the main disadvantage of ED as boron can be transported only after significant decrease of other salt contents in diluate [47]. In order to omit high demineralization of the diluate, monopolar membrane at alkali process conditions (pH = 9-10) should be applied [13].…”