Removal of black carbon particles from experimental flue gas by surfactant solution in a new type of umbrella plate scrubber

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) particles were removed from experimental flue gas by the surfactant solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9) and polyoxy ethrlene nonyl phinyl ether-10 (TX-10), as well as AEO-9-SDBS, AEO-9-CTAB and SDBS-CTAB, in a new type of umbrella plate scrubber. Among the four independent surfactants, AEO-9 has the lowest surface tension, 35.9 mN/m, which resulted in the highest BC removal ratio among the alone surfactants. The experimental conditions were as follows: dust concentration = 3000 mg/m3; gas velocity = 14 m/s; liquid-gas ratio = 0.80 l/m3; and gas flow = 400 m3/h. When the mole ratio of the mixed surfactants was 1:1, the lowest surface tension could be detected among the studied mixed surfactants. According to the molecular interaction parameters (beta) and the mole ratio of surfactant 1 in the mixture (x1), the synergistic effects of AEO-9-SDBS and SDBS-CTAB solutions were obviously higher than those of AEO-9-TX-10 and AEO-9-CTAB. Therefore, AEO-9-SDBS solution had the lowest surface tension among the mixtures due to its beta < 0 and x1 = 0.85. The mixture solution of AEO-9-SDBS (1:1 mole ratio, 0.2 mmol/l) yielded the highest BC removal ratio, about 99.8%, and it was about 12% higher than that of only water, which was about 87.9%. The calculated critical micelle concentration was almost the same as that of the experimental concentration when the related equation was corrected by beta.

A review on selective catalytic reduction of NOxby supported catalysts at 100–300 °C—catalysts, mechanism, kinetics

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30] Some works have been done in researching the low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO x in our team. 25,28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In this paper, we review the catalysts which were prepared by different carriers, and the performance of the catalysts at low temperature. The developed mechanism and kinetics have also been discussed.…”

Water Solubility and Surface Property of Alkyl Di-/Tri-/Tetraoxyethyl β-d-Xylopyranosides

“…Surfactants have intrinsic amphiphilic properties owing to their hydrophilic headgroup and hydrophobic tail. − Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (alcohol ethers, AEOs) and their derivatives are a kind of significant surfactant with excellent surface performances. − For example, a non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene 9-lauryl ether [AEO-9, C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 9 OH] is water-soluble and has excellent surface activity because the additive number of the oxyethylene segment reached 9. , However, the AEO production on the large scale would really consume a huge amount of petroleum-derived ethylene oxide (EO), despite its good biodegradability and wide application. Meanwhile, much attention has been paid to the concept of sustainable and environmentally friendly development in recent years .…”

“…Accordingly, their water solubility should be higher than that of the corresponding AGs with the same alkyl chain length. In particular, alkyl monooxyethyl glycosides and alkyl oligooxyethyl glycosides with the longer alkyl chain should also have water solubility to a certain extent. , As a result of multiple hydroxyl groups on the glycosyl group, alkyl monooxyethyl glycosides and alkyl oligooxyethyl glycosides with low additive number have water solubility comparable to both water-soluble AEOs with the high additive number, such as water-soluble AEO 9 , , and water-soluble AGs with a short to medium alkyl chain. ,, Therefore, alkyl monooxyethyl glycosides and alkyl oligooxyethyl glycosides with the low additive number should advisibly replace AEOs with the high additive number to some extent, so that a large amount of ethylene oxide could effectively be saved; that is, a large number of precious petroleum resources would really be triggered to decrease.…”