Removal of antimony(V) and antimony(III) from drinking water by coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation (CFS)

Adsorption of antimony(V) onto Mn(II)-enriched surfaces of manganese-oxide and Fe Mn binary oxide

“…At pH 3.0, FMBO achieved a maximum Sb(III) removal capacity as high as 1.76 mmol g À1 , whereas that of Fe-oxide and Mn-oxide was 0.83 and 0.81 mmol g À1 , respectively (Xu et al, 2011). The oxidization of Sb(III) to Sb(V) ought to inhibit Sb removal, according to previous studies (Guo et al, 2009;Leuz et al, 2006). The apparent discrepancy may be attributed to the Sb(III) concentrations used in our study, which were much higher than those in other studies, i.e.…”

“…The industrial uses of Sb include flame retardants, catalysts for plastics synthesis, and alloys for ammunition (Montserrat et al, 2002;Krachler et al, 2001;Mitsunobu et al, 2010;Guo et al, 2009). Some Sb-related compounds are designated as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the European Union, and China (Kang et al, 2003;Oorts et al, 2008).…”

“…However, Sb(V) is more difficult to remove by either coagulation or adsorption than Sb(III). Guo et al (2009) reported that the removal of Sb(III) by coagulation was more pronounced than that of Sb(V), especially under basic pH conditions, presumably due to the higher solubility of Sb(V) (Kang et al, 2003). Sb(III) as a strong Lewis base also shows higher affinity to goethite than Sb(V) over a wide pH range , and tends to form a bidentate inner-sphere complex on goethite surfaces .…”

Treatment of groundwater containing Mn(II), Fe(II), As(III) and Sb(III) by bioaugmented quartz-sand filters

“…Both enter the aquatic ecosystem from natural and anthropogenic sources and can threaten water quality (Guo et al, 2009;Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Furthermore, given their positions on the periodic table, As and Sb have similar chemical and toxicological properties (Bentley and Chasteen, 2002), with their trivalent species exhibiting greater toxicological effects than that of their pentavalent species (Gebel, 1997).…”

Preconcentration Method of Antimony Using Modified Thiol Cotton Fiber for Isotopic Analyses of Antimony in Natural Samples

“…[1][2][3] Since antimony compounds were considered to be pollutants of priority interest by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (USEPA), the concentration of antimony is regulated at less than 10 μg L -1 under the USEPA criteria. 4 From a geochemical standpoint, typical concentrations of dissolved antimony in unpolluted water are less than 1 μg L -1 .…”