Removal of ammonium and nitrate from cold inorganic mine water by fixed-bed biofilm reactors

Preparation of highly ordered cubic NaA zeolite from halloysite mineral for adsorption of ammonium ions

“…Fig. 1a shows that the diffraction peaks of original mineral can be indexed to the hexagonal structured Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 , which are in agreement with the reported values of Halloysite-7 Å with the lattice constants a = 5.13, c = 7.16 (JCPDS Card No. 29-1487).…”

“…Various methods including physical, chemical and biological methods have been used for NH 4 + removal [2][3][4]. Among these methods available for NH 4 + removal, adsorption is considered to be an attractive and effective technique [5][6][7][8].…”

“…These exchangeable cations give rise to the ion-exchange or adsorption capability with NH 4 + . Natural zeolite from different deposits has been widely reported as adsorbent for NH 4 + removal in wastewaters [11][12][13][14]. Due to synthetic zeolite having uniform micropore structure and high surface area, it usually has a higher adsorption capability compared with natural zeolite.…”

Nitrate removal by electro-bioremediation technology in Korean soil

“…Nitrates were removed by biological techniques [23,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39], hydraulic gradient [15], chemical methods [40,41], electrokinetics [12,13,16,[42][43][44] and biofilm-reactor [45]. In the present study, electro -biokinetic was employed to remove nitrate in the soil collected from a vinyl house.…”

Nutrient removal in a closed silvofishery system using three mangrove species (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle)

“…Some of these techniques include reverse osmosis (Schoeman and Steyn, 2003), ion exchange (Kim and Benjamin, 2004), electrodialysis (Menkouchi Sahli et al, 2006), activated carbon process (Sison et al, 1995), chemical denitrification (Hu et al, 2002), and microbial treatment (Zaitsev et al, 2008). Although these techniques are effective at the removal of nutrients from contaminated water, the operational scale is small and the cost is expensive.…”