Removal mechanism of antibiotic metronidazole from aquatic solutions by using nanoscale zero-valent iron particles

Evaluation of highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron coupled with ultrasound for chromium(VI) removal

“…The value of k obs was calculated to be 1.3025 min À1 under ultrasound and was over 23 times that under shaking (0.0553 min À1 ). It was known that the Cr(VI) reduction was generally regarded as being mediated by the nZVI surface [10]. According to the results presented above, the available surface area, the active sites of nZVI and the nascent reactive Fe(II) for Cr(VI) removal were greatly increased under ultrasound.…”

“…nZVI possesses a large removal capacity, fast kinetics and high reactivity for the degradation/removal of many chemical pollutants, such as orange II [8], crystal violet [9] and metronidazole [10]. It has also been confirmed that nZVI has a rapid rate of Cr(VI) removal [11] and could have an enhanced reactivity for Cr(VI) removal compared with other similar materials [12].…”

Highly concentrated, reactive and stable dispersion of zero-valent iron nanoparticles: Direct surface modification and site application

“…The removal of more than 70 environmental contaminants has been already reported [3]. From these contaminants especially polychlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8]), highly toxic substances like As(III), As(V), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(VI) (e.g., [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]), nitrite [16], amoxicillin and ampicillin [17], metronidazole [18], TNT [19], pesticides [20] or cyanobacteria [21] should be mentioned. However, efficiency of the nZVI particles is strongly dependent not only on their size and concentration in dispersions but also on their ability to migrate through saturated porous media.…”

Removal of norfloxacin using coupled synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with H2O2 system: Optimization of operating conditions and degradation pathway

“…Previous researches have reported that some refractory compounds, such as trichloroethylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides could be effectively degraded with highly reactive nZVI [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Chen et al reported that metronidazole was almost completely removed within 90 min by using nZVI particles treatment [17]. Furthermore, nZVI was used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for degradation of organic contaminants.…”