Removal and Recovery of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) from Water Using Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide Immobilized Membranes

Intrchom, Worawit; Roy, Sagar; Mitra, Somenath

doi:10.3390/nano10030578

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The mechanism of water removal from kerosene during membrane filtration by hydrophobic CNIM is shown in Figure 6. In addition to hydrophobicity, CNTs also provide a significant active surface for partitioning the kerosene phase [14,15,23,29]. Rapid adsorption-desorption on the CNT surface resulted in active diffusion of the kerosene, which increased permeate flux [16,23,24,[30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Proposed Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we have demonstrated that immobilising CNTs in different types of membranes (referred to as CNIM) alters the solute-membrane interactions [13]. These have been used in diverse processes such as desalination, solvent recovery, and concentrating trace amount contaminants [14][15][16]. The CNIM-based membranes have also been used for generating medical-grade water by rejecting endotoxin [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

et al. 2022

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Current approaches to dewatering aviation fuel such as kerosene are adsorption by activated charcoal, gravity separation, etc. The objective of this work is to develop and demonstrate the filtration and dewatering of kerosene using a carbon nanotube immobilised membrane (CNIM). Highly hydrophobic membranes were prepared by immobilising carbon nanotube (CNTs) over polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane for the dewatering of ppm level water from kerosene. The effects of different CNT concentrations on membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, porosity, and permeability were characterised. After immobilising CNT into membranes, the contact angle increased by 9%, 16%, and 43% compared to unmodified 0.1 μm PTFE, 0.22 μm PTFE and 0.22 μm PVDF membranes, respectively. The CNIM showed remarkable separation efficiency for the fuel-water system. The micro/nano water droplets coalesced on the CNT surface to form larger diameters of water droplets detached from the membrane surface, leading to enhanced water rejection. In general, the water rejection increased with the amount of CNT immobilised while the effective surface porosity over pore length and flux decreased. PTFE base membrane showed better performance compared to the PVDF substrate. The CNIMs were fabricated with 0.1 and 0.22 μm PTFE at an optimised CNT loading of 3 and 6 wt.%, and the water rejection was 99.97% and 97.27%, respectively, while the kerosene fluxes were 43.22 kg/m2·h and 55.44 kg/m2·h respectively.

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Section: Proposed Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

et al. 2022

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“…It was observed that there was no significant change in the water vapor flux on the permeate side. 51,53 There was also no change in salt rejection for these membranes. Since salts are much larger molecules and were seen to not cause any significant changes in the performance of the membranes, it is believed that bacterial cells would also not cause any remarkable changes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…No significant change in LEP was observed since a very small amount of nanomaterials have been used as evidence from the gas permeation test. Our previous studies have shown that the immobilization of CNTs, functionalized CNTs, and GO do not alter the results of gas permeation tests . Previously, membrane stability studies were also performed for 60 days (8 h per day) with a 10 000 ppm NaCl salt solution at 70 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Microwave Radiation and Nanocarbon Immobilized Membranes in the Generation of Bacteria-Free Water via Membrane Distillation

Gupta

Chakraborty

Roy

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, we introduce microwave-induced membrane distillation (MIMD) where microwave radiation is applied not only to heat water but also to enhance the biocidal effects of nanocarbon immobilized membranes. The three types of membranes used in this study were carbon nanotube immobilized membranes (CNIM), one functionalized with carboxylated nanotubes (CNIM-COOH), and graphene oxide immobilized membrane (GOIM). The membrane performances were evaluated based on the production of water vapor flux and the percentage cell growth inhibition due to the combined effect of microwaves and nanocarbon membranes. These combinations were most effective at a temperature of 80 and 60 °C for the removal of thermophilic and mesophilic cells, respectively. Under microwave heating, the CNIM exhibited the maximum biocidal effect (99.6% for thermophilic and 95.5% for mesophilic cells) followed by CNIM-COOH (92.3% for thermophilic and 65.8% for mesophilic cells) and GOIM (90.1% for thermophilic and 59.4% for mesophilic cells). They were all higher than a plain poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) (82.3% for thermophilic and 41.6% for mesophilic cells) membrane without nanocarbons. In MIMD, the biocidal performance as well as the flux were improved due to thermal and nonthermal factors of microwave irradiation. The latter caused higher cell destruction due to the interaction of the microwave with the cellular matter, an improved water vapor flux (30−40%) due to localized superheating, and enhanced hydrogen bonding breakdown of water molecules. Furthermore, MIMD required much lesser (20−25%) energy than conventional MD to carry out the experiments under the same conditions.

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“…More recently, they compared GO with carboxylated CNTs as a coating on the membrane surface for the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether in sweep gas MD [108]. A flux enhancement of up to 22% was obtained with the CNT membrane and a rejection of 56% compared to 46% for the unmodified PTFE membrane.…”

Section: Flux-enhancing Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

Leaper

Abdel‐Karim

Gorgojo

2021

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

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Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and industries. Certain challenges remain however, which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux, decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy requirements. Nevertheless, its attractive characteristics such as high rejection (ca. 100%) of nonvolatile species, its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures (typically atmospheric) as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures, enabling waste-heat integration, continue to drive research interests globally. Of particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes, whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD faces. These low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area, high strength, tuneable hydrophobicity, enhanced vapour transport, high thermal and electrical conductivity and others. Their use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling propensity. They have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as in-situ fouling detection and localised heat generation. In this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication methods. We then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications, focussing on polymeric membrane systems. Future research directions based on the findings are also suggested.

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Removal and Recovery of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) from Water Using Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide Immobilized Membranes

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Filtration and Dewatering of Kerosene

Synergistic Effects of Microwave Radiation and Nanocarbon Immobilized Membranes in the Generation of Bacteria-Free Water via Membrane Distillation

The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

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