Remotely visible impacts on air quality after a year-round full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine

Savenets, Mykhailo; Osadchyi, Volodymyr; Komisar, Kateryna; Zhemera, Natalia; Oreshchenko, Andrii

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2023.101912

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Так, збільшення атмосферних емісій відзначено для монооксиду вуглецю та озону, а концентрації діоксиду азоту та твердих частинок (аеродинамічний діаметр ≤2,5 мкм) пов'язані з інтенсивністю воєнних дій (Zalakeviciute et al, 2022). Відзначено підвищений вміст CO через лісові пожежі поблизу лінії фронту (Savenets et al, 2023). Підвищення викидів вуглецю спричиняє загальну деградацію екосистем (Appiah-Otoo, Chen, 2023).…”

Section: вплив воєнних дій на природне середовищеunclassified

Transformation of vegetation under the conditions of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in Ukraine: A review

Fedenko

2023

ean

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The negative consequences of various types of military activity on physical disturbances and chemical pollution of the environment are systematized. Factors of chemical pollution include potentially toxic elements, energetic compounds (explosives, fuels) and chemical warfare agents. According to the systematization of the available data on the long-term impact of military exercises and military actions on the territories of different countries on soil pollution, metal compounds dominate among potentially toxic elements, and organic pollutants dominate among energetic compounds. The combination of physical violations with multicomponent chemical pollution creates a specificity of the negative impact of the consequences of military activity on the natural environment compared to other anthropogenic factors. The following directions of research into the problem were noted: detection, distribution and ecotoxicology of chemical pollutants in natural environments, impact on biodiversity and vegetation dynamics, phytoremediation to reduce the level of chemical pollution, ecological and physiological factors of plant tolerance, degradation and detoxification of organic pollutants in plants. The tolerance of plants to the residues of explosive substances of various classes occurs due to the general pathways of biochemical transformation, which ensure the detoxification of organic xenobiotics. Taking into account the current state of the problem, literary data on the directions of research into the impact of military actions in Ukraine on the environment and the transformation of vegetation are summarized. Among these areas, the following were noted: assessment of damage caused by armed aggression to the natural environment; environmental monitoring of combat action; analysis of pollution of the natural environment; transformation of vegetation. Destructions of the natural environment as a result of combat action led to significant changes in vegetation, which are associated with ruderalization and adventization. The role of ruderal (including invasive) plants common in the flora of Ukraine under conditions of chemical pollution of habitats is analyzed. Increased tolerance of invasive plant species to high levels of metals and organic pollutants can be used for phytoremediation of disturbed areas, but will create a competitive advantage for more intensive spread compared to native species and new risks to phytodiversity.

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Section: вплив воєнних дій на природне середовищеunclassified

Transformation of vegetation under the conditions of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in Ukraine: A review

Fedenko

2023

ean

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“…Загалом на частку енергетики, металургійної та вугільної промисловості припадає 33 %, 25 % і 23 % всіх забруднюючих речовин, що викидаються в атмосферу, відповідно, на хімічну та нафтохімічну промисловість припадає приблизно 3 %. Значна кількість викидів припадає на Донецько-Дніпровський регіон, частка якого складає 79 % від загальних викидів у країні [4,5].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Development of a Reactor for Low-Temperature Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions at Nitrogen-Fertilizer Enterprises

Babakin,

Vekshyn

2023

Technogenic and Ecological Safety

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The article presents the development of a more efficient use of the processes of catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides of gas emissions for industrial use. The advantages of plate catalyst blocks with a deposited active substance in comparison with industrial granular aluminum-vanadium catalysts are presented. Chemical and kinetic regularities of this process are shown. It is noted that the use of plate deposited catalysts based on noble metals is a more effective means of reducing nitrogen oxides than granular ones due to the presence of low hydraulic resistance and increased activity. On the basis of experimental data of laboratory and pilot studies of the developed catalyst obtained by impregnating the applied metal carrier based on TiO2 with salts of platinum group metals, physicochemical and kinetic calculations of the process of reduction of nitrogen oxides using ammonia were carried out. Graphical dependencies of the activity of the developed catalysts on the process temperature and volume velocity are given. The optimal values of these indicators have been determined. It is shown that the effect of temperature is explained by the growth of the reaction rate constant in proportion to the temperature according to Arrhenius' law, and the effect of the volumetric velocity is associated with a change in the duration of contact of the reacting components with the active surface of the catalyst. The calculation of the Reynolds criterion was carried out, which showed that this process in the conditions of industrial technologies is characteristic of the laminar regime. It is noted that the use of the developed catalyst in production provides an expansion of the temperature range of the emission purification process, it is more suitable for operation in industry in accordance with the determined optimal conditions of its application.

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“…Globally, large areas are burned every year, with a concerning trend towards increased wildfire frequency due to climate change [3,4]. This problem is particularly relevant for Ukraine, where the wildfire frequency is rising [5], exacerbated by the negative impact of the Russia-Ukraine war [6,7]. Among the most dangerous were wildfires in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) that occur in the abandoned radioactively contaminated areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seamless Modeling of Direct and Indirect Aerosol Effects during April 2020 Wildfire Episode in Ukraine

Savenets,

Rybchynska,

Mahura

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Wildfires frequently occur in Ukraine during agricultural open-burning seasons in spring and autumn. High aerosol concentrations from fire emissions can significantly affect meteorological processes via direct and indirect aerosol effects. To study these impacts, we selected a severe wildfire episode from April 2020 in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) and its surrounding area as a case study. We employed the Enviro-HIRLAM modeling system to simulate reference (REF) meteorological conditions, along with direct (DAE), indirect (IDAE), and combined (COMB) aerosol effects. In our simulations, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) comprised 70–80% of all aerosol mass in the region, represented in two layers of higher concentrations: one near the surface and the other 3–4 km above the surface. Our simulations showed that the inclusion of aerosol effects into the modeling framework led to colder (up to −3 °C) and drier (relative humidity drop up to −20%) conditions near the surface. We also observed localized changes in cloudiness, precipitation (mainly redistribution), and wind speed (up to ±4 m/s), particularly during the movement of atmospheric cold fronts. Larger uncertainties were observed in coarser model simulations when direct aerosol effects were considered. Quantifying the aerosol effects is crucial for predicting and promptly detecting changes that could exacerbate unfavorable weather conditions and wildfires. Such knowledge is essential for improving the effectiveness of emergency response measures.

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Remotely visible impacts on air quality after a year-round full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Transformation of vegetation under the conditions of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in Ukraine: A review

Transformation of vegetation under the conditions of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in Ukraine: A review

Development of a Reactor for Low-Temperature Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions at Nitrogen-Fertilizer Enterprises

Seamless Modeling of Direct and Indirect Aerosol Effects during April 2020 Wildfire Episode in Ukraine

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