Remotely Triggered Activation of TGF- With Magnetic Nanoparticles

Monsalve, Adam; Bohórquez, Ana C.; Rinaldi, Carlos; Dobson, Jon

doi:10.1109/lmag.2015.2477271

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…High-SAR MNPs would be beneficial for research in many other areas utilizing magnetic heating, for example, magnetically triggered drug or biologic release [19][20][21], activation of latent growth factors [22], catalysis reactions in microfluidic reactors [23], or control of cell functions [24]. Commercially available MNPs are frequently used for a variety of research applications [25][26][27][28][29][30] and thus it would be useful for researchers to know their properties, particularly their magnetic characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Lanier

Korotych

Monsalve

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hyperthermia

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115

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Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) generate heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Consequently, MNPs are used for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) for cancer treatment, and have been shown to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment in clinical trials. A downfall of current MFH treatment is the inability to deliver sufficient heat to the tumor due to: insufficient amounts of MNPs, unequal distribution of MNPs throughout the tumor, or heat loss to the surrounding environment. Objective: In this study, the objective was to identify MNPs with high heating efficiencies quantified by their specific absorption rate (SAR). Methods: A panel of 31 commercially available MNPs were evaluated for SAR in two different AMFs. Additionally, particle properties including iron content, hydrodynamic diameter, core diameter, magnetic diameter, magnetically dead layer thickness, and saturation mass magnetization were investigated. Results: High SAR MNPs were identified. For SAR calculations, the initial slope, corrected slope, and Box-Lucas methods were used and validated using a graphical residual analysis, and the Box-Lucas method was shown to be the most accurate. Other particle properties were identified and examined for correlations with SAR values. Positive correlations of particle properties with SAR were found, including a strong correlation for the magnetically dead layer thickness. Conclusions: This work identified high SAR MNPs for hyperthermia, and provides insight into properties which correlate with SAR which will be valuable for synthesis of next-generation MNPs. SAR calculation methods must be standardized, and this work provides an in-depth analysis of common calculation methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Lanier

Korotych

Monsalve

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hyperthermia

Self Cite

115

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“…The carboxylic acids on the magnetic nanoparticle and the primary amine of the protein (specifically, on surface lysines and at the N-terminus) are the targets for this carbodiimide conjugation reaction. The process begins with EDC binding to an open carboxyl group to form an unstable o-Acylisourea intermediate [30]. Unfortunately, the rate of hydrolysis of the intermediate back into the carboxyl is much faster than the rate of amide formation, and thus, Sulfo-NHS is typically used to create a dry-stable intermediate [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation

Azie

Greenberg

Batich

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Conjugation of latent growth factors to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is potentially useful for magnetically triggered release of bioactive macromolecules. Thus, the goal of this work was to trigger the release of active Transforming Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β) via magnetic hyperthermia by binding SPIONs to the latent form of TGF-β, since heat has been shown to induce release of TGF-β from the latent complex. Commercially available SPIONS with high specific absorption rates (SAR) were hydrolyzed in 70% ethanol to create surface carboxylic acid conjugation sites for carbodiimide chemistry. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis verified the conversion of maleic anhydride to maleic acid. 1-Ethyl-2-(3-dimethyulaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) were used to bind to the open conjugation sites of the SPION in order to graft latent TGF-β onto the particles. The resulting conjugated particles were imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the complexed particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the thermally triggered release of active TGF-β from the latent complex, demonstrating that conjugation did not interfere with release. Results showed that latent TGF-β was successfully conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles, and magnetically triggered release of active TGF-β was achieved.

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“…Heat dissipated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) plays a central mechanistic role in a variety of minimally invasive biomedical applications including cancer hyperthermia, 1,2 site specific actuation of drug release, 3,4 protein manipulation, 5,6 and control over cellular functions, e.g., neural stimulation and insulin production. [7][8][9] Research on these topics typically relies on externally applied alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) with amplitudes of tens of kA/m and frequencies of hundreds of kHz in order for the MNPs to generate sufficient hysteresis losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical methods for generating alternating magnetic fields for biomedical research

Christiansen

Howe

Bono

et al. 2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) cause magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to dissipate heat while leaving surrounding tissue unharmed, a mechanism that serves as the basis for a variety of emerging biomedical technologies. Unfortunately, the challenges and costs of developing experimental setups commonly used to produce AMFs with suitable field amplitudes and frequencies present a barrier to researchers. This paper first presents a simple, cost-effective, and robust alternative for small AMF working volumes that uses soft ferromagnetic cores to focus the flux into a gap. As the experimental length scale increases to accommodate animal models (working volumes of 100s of cm or greater), poor thermal conductivity and volumetrically scaled core losses render that strategy ineffective. Comparatively feasible strategies for these larger volumes instead use low loss resonant tank circuits to generate circulating currents of 1 kA or greater in order to produce the comparable field amplitudes. These principles can be extended to the problem of identifying practical routes for scaling AMF setups to humans, an infrequently acknowledged challenge that influences the extent to which many applications of MNPs may ever become clinically relevant.

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Remotely Triggered Activation of TGF- With Magnetic Nanoparticles

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation

Practical methods for generating alternating magnetic fields for biomedical research

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