Remotely sensed phenological heterogeneity of restored wetlands: linking vegetation structure and function

Dronova, Iryna; Taddeo, Sophie; Hemes, Kyle S.; Knox, Sara; Valach, Alex; Oikawa, Patricia Y.; Kasak, Kuno; Baldocchi, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108215

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In contrast to degraded wetland, recovering wetland sequestered more C in aboveground vegetation, which was ascribed to the improving soil conditions and plant physiological characteristics. The increasing soil water and nutrient level stimulate the vegetation growth, metabolism, and development associated with strong photosynthetic C assimilation, causing higher aboveground biomass in recovering wetland, exhibiting a positive feedback to wetland C stocks (Zhao et al, 2016;Dronova et al, 2021).…”

Section: Impacts Of Wetland Degradation and Restoration On Abovegroun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Above- and Belowground Carbon Stocks to Degraded and Recovering Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

et al. 2022

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Wetlands reserve a large amount of organic carbon (C), playing a key role in contributing global C stocks. It is still uncertain to evaluate wetland C stocks due to wetland disturbance or degradation. In this study, we performed the degraded and recovering wetlands to estimate aboveground C stocks and soil organic C (SOC) stocks at the depth of 1 m in the Yellow River Delta. Our results showed that the recovering wetland sequestered 1.67 Mg C ha–1 aboveground, approximately three times higher than those (0.56 Mg C ha–1) of degraded wetland, and recovering wetland stored more SOC of 51.86 Mg C ha–1 in the top 1 m soils, approximately two times higher than those (26.94 Mg C ha–1) of degraded wetland. These findings indicate that the transformation between degraded and recovering wetlands is associated with the conversion of wetland C sources and sinks. The shifts in aboveground C stocks and SOC stocks were mainly attributed to changed biotic (i.e., aboveground biomass and photosynthetic C) and abiotic (i.e., soil water, salinity, SOC and N contents, and SOC compounds) factors. The improved soil water, salinity, and nutrient enhance C reservoir, sequestering more C in aboveground vegetation and storing more SOC via photosynthetic C input of plant litter and root exudates in recovering wetland than in degraded wetland with poor soil conditions. The relationships among wetland C stocks, plant, and soil properties indicate plant-soil interaction driving wetland ecosystem C stocks in degraded and recovering wetlands. Our research suggests that wetland restoration highlights a positive response to “carbon neutrality” by efficiently sequestering C above- and belowground.

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Section: Impacts Of Wetland Degradation and Restoration On Abovegroun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Above- and Belowground Carbon Stocks to Degraded and Recovering Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

et al. 2022

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“…Even within satellite measures (Figs. 2 and 6), observed differences underscore the consequences of choosing appropriate metrics and scales of inference in heterogeneous landscapes (Dronova et al., 2021). Our findings are consistent with known discrepancies between satellite and ground‐level sensing of understory vegetation patterns (McClelland et al., 2019; Tuanmu et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2020), but also demonstrate a way forward through CTs to acknowledge these differences when making ecological inferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics and wildlife activity with camera traps to assess habitat change

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Burgar

et al. 2021

Remote Sens Ecol Conserv

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Vegetation phenology and productivity drive resource use by wildlife. Vegetation dynamics also reveal patterns of habitat disturbance and recovery. Monitoring these fine-scale vegetation patterns over large spatiotemporal extents can be difficult, but camera traps (CTs) commonly used to survey wildlife populations also collect data on local habitat conditions. We used CTs (n = 73) from 2016 to 2019 to assess impacts of habitat change in a boreal landscape of northern Canada, where seismic lines for petroleum exploration disturbed wildlife habitat and prompted vegetation restoration efforts. First, we quantified vegetation dynamics from CTs, comparing them to satellite-based estimates that are typically used to monitor vegetation at broad spatial scales. We then used understory phenology and productivity estimated from CT time-lapse images to assess vegetation recovery on seismic lines. Finally, we related vegetation dynamics with the habitat use of three wildlife species: sandhill cranes Grus canadensis, woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus, and white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus. CTs provided unique insight into vegetation dynamics that were different from signals measured by satellites, with temporally inconsistent and even some negative correlations between CT and satellite metrics. We found some indication of vegetation recovery on seismic lines that had received restoration treatment, with understory patterns more similar to undisturbed habitat than to seismic lines that did not receive restoration treatment. CTs also provided inferences about wildlife activity related to vegetation resources, which approaches using satellite data failed to detect. Wildlife habitat use tracked vegetation phenology, but did not always increase with vegetation productivity at weekly, 16-day, or annual intervals. Instead, associations with vegetation productivity depended on species, temporal scale, and productivity metrics. Given the widespread and growing use of CTs to monitor terrestrial wildlife, we recommend their use to simultaneously monitor habitat conditions to better understand the mechanisms that govern wildlife habitat use in changing environments.

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“…In addition, we collected high-resolution aerial imagery (0.05 m) in September 2018 at all sites to distinguish vegetation types within the flux footprints. The impact of image resolution on vegetation indices using these remote sensing methods was recently assessed [ 73 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productive wetlands restored for carbon sequestration quickly become net CO2 sinks with site-level factors driving uptake variability

et al. 2021

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Inundated wetlands can potentially sequester substantial amounts of soil carbon (C) over the long-term because of slow decomposition and high primary productivity, particularly in climates with long growing seasons. Restoring such wetlands may provide one of several effective negative emission technologies to remove atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change. However, there remains considerable uncertainty whether these heterogeneous ecotones are consistent net C sinks and to what degree restoration and management methods affect C sequestration. Since wetland C dynamics are largely driven by climate, it is difficult to draw comparisons across regions. With many restored wetlands having different functional outcomes, we need to better understand the importance of site-specific conditions and how they change over time. We report on 21 site-years of C fluxes using eddy covariance measurements from five restored fresh to brackish wetlands in a Mediterranean climate. The wetlands ranged from 3 to 23 years after restoration and showed that several factors related to restoration methods and site conditions altered the magnitude of C sequestration by affecting vegetation cover and structure. Vegetation established within two years of re-flooding but followed different trajectories depending on design aspects, such as bathymetry-determined water levels, planting methods, and soil nutrients. A minimum of 55% vegetation cover was needed to become a net C sink, which most wetlands achieved once vegetation was established. Established wetlands had a high C sequestration efficiency (i.e. the ratio of net to gross ecosystem productivity) comparable to upland ecosystems but varied between years undergoing boom-bust growth cycles and C uptake strength was susceptible to disturbance events. We highlight the large C sequestration potential of productive inundated marshes, aided by restoration design and management targeted to maximise vegetation extent and minimise disturbance. These findings have important implications for wetland restoration, policy, and management practitioners.

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Remotely sensed phenological heterogeneity of restored wetlands: linking vegetation structure and function

Cited by 20 publications

References 105 publications

Responses of Above- and Belowground Carbon Stocks to Degraded and Recovering Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

Responses of Above- and Belowground Carbon Stocks to Degraded and Recovering Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics and wildlife activity with camera traps to assess habitat change

Productive wetlands restored for carbon sequestration quickly become net CO2 sinks with site-level factors driving uptake variability

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