Remote Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve Using Cuff Electrodes and Implanted Diodes

Sridharan, Arati; Chirania, Sanchit; Towe, Bruce C.; Muthuswamy, Jit

doi:10.3390/mi9110595

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Other microwire based cuff electrodes have also been created, where wires are threaded through PDMS based cuffs, though these implants also target much larger diameter nerves. Contact impedances of these cuffs range from 2-5 kΩ, which is similar in pre-implant impedance to our devices [49][50][51][52]. Classically, Loeb and Peck found signal amplitudes between 25-50 µV in the cat sciatic nerve for evoked responses with their microwire threaded PDMS cuff [52].…”

Section: Comparison To Other Custom Made Electrodessupporting

confidence: 75%

A novel microwire interface for small diameter peripheral nerves in a chronic, awake murine model

Falcone

Liu²,

Goldman³

et al. 2020

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. The vagus nerve has been implicated in a variety of immune responses, and the number of studies using mouse models to unravel key mechanisms has increased. However, as of yet, there is no electrode that can chronically record neural activity from the mouse vagus nerve due to its small diameter. Such recordings are critical to understand the role of these biomarkers for translational research. Approach. In this study, we developed a methodology for surgically implanting the wrappable microwires onto the vagus nerve of mice. Similar to a cuff electrode, we wrapped de-insulated ends of microwires around the vagus nerve and re-insulated them on the nerve with Kwik-Sil. The recording fidelity of the wrappable microwire on the vagus nerve was validated in an acute, anesthetized model by comparing performance to commercially-available electrodes. A chronic, awake mouse model was then developed to record spontaneous compound action potentials (CAPs). Main results. In an acute setting, the wrappable microwire successfully recorded spontaneous CAPs with similar signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and peak-to-peak amplitude to commercially available electrodes. In chronic, awake recordings, viable SNRs were obtained from the wrappable microwires between 30 and 60 d (n = 8). Weekly impedance measurements showed no correlation with SNR or time, indicating device stability, and the electrodes recorded CAPs for the duration of the recording period. Significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported chronic, awake neural interface with the mouse vagus nerve. This approach can facilitate clinical translation for bioelectronic medicine in preclinical disease models of interest with the creation of more clinically relevant preclinical models.

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Section: Comparison To Other Custom Made Electrodessupporting

confidence: 75%

A novel microwire interface for small diameter peripheral nerves in a chronic, awake murine model

Falcone

Liu²,

Goldman³

et al. 2020

J. Neural Eng.

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“…The rat sciatic nerve is a commonly used in vivo model for testing electrodes in the PNS ( Rodríguez et al, 2000 ; Navarro et al, 2001 ; Ordonez et al, 2014 ; Sridharan et al, 2018 ). This section details the execution of a motor unit recruitment in the rat sciatic nerve, which allowed us to evaluate electrophysiological characteristics such as firing threshold and spatial selectivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We carried out all animal procedures under the guidelines of the Committee on Animal Care (CAC) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), minimizing pain experienced by the rats. Surgical exposure of the sciatic nerve followed a similar protocol to those described by Rodríguez et al (2000) , Navarro et al (2001) , Ordonez et al (2014) , and Sridharan et al (2018) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Low Cost Manufacturing of Cuff Electrodes

et al. 2021

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For many peripheral neuro-modulation applications, the cuff electrode has become a preferred technology for delivering electrical current into targeted volumes of tissue. While basic cuffs with low spatial selectivity, having longitudinally arranged contacts, can be produced from relatively straightforward processes, the fabrication of more complex electrode configurations typically requires iterative design and clean-room fabrication with skilled technicians. Although facile methods for fabricating cuff electrodes exist, their inconsistent products have limited their adoption for rapid manufacturing. In this article, we report a fast, low-cost fabrication process for patterning of electrode contacts in an implantable peripheral nerve cuff. Using a laser cutter as we have prescribed, the designer can render precise contact geometries that are consistent between batches. This method is enabled by the use of silicone/carbon black (CB) composite electrodes, which integrate with the patterned surface of its substrate—tubular silicone insulation. The size and features of its products can be adapted to fit a wide range of nerve diameters and applications. In this study, we specifically documented the manufacturing and evaluation of circumpolar cuffs with radial arrays of three contacts for acute implantation on the rat sciatic nerve. As part of this method, we also detail protocols for verification—electrochemical characterization—and validation—electrophysiological evaluation—of implantable cuff electrodes. Applied to our circumpolar cuff electrode, we report favorable electrical characteristics. In addition, we report that it reproduces expected electrophysiological behaviors described in prior literature. No specialized equipment or fabrication experience was required in our production, and we encountered negligible costs relative to commercially available solutions. Since, as we demonstrate, this process generates consistent and precise electrode geometries, we propose that it has strong merits for use in rapid manufacturing.

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“…Implantable bioelectronics have great potential for the treatment of neurological diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, lower urinary tract dysfunction, epilepsy, and peripheral nerve injuries, among others [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A problem with many current bioelectronic implants is that they rely on electrical wire leads which often migrate, break, or induce a chronic inflammatory response, leading to discomfort and shortened device lifetime [11,12]. Wireless electronics are promising options for circumventing this problem and thus have gained increased attention for applications in bioelectronic medicine [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium-gallium-zinc oxide Schottky diodes on softening substrates for rectifying bioelectronic circuits

Guerrero¹,

Rocha-Flores²,

Gutiérrez-Heredia³

et al. 2022

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Incorporating electronic components onto soft materials facilitates the development of compliant electronics suited for bioelectronic applications. In this work, we present indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) Schottky diodes fabricated on a stimuli-responsive polymer that undergoes softening (i.e., orders-of-magnitude drop in modulus) upon exposure to physiological stimuli. These diodes rectify megahertz radio-frequency signals in half-wave rectification circuits across the softening of the polymer substrate and withstand mechanical and chemical stresses such as repeated folding up to 10,000 cycles and aging in a simulated physiological medium for up to two weeks. The effects of thermal annealing and ultraviolet-ozone treatment processes are evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, showing that these processes lead to a large improvement in the interface properties of the platinum-IGZO Schottky contact while preserving the thermomechanical properties of the softening polymer substrate. The RF rectification capabilities of these diodes in softened and deformed states are particularly interesting for the next generation of soft wireless bioelectronics.

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Remote Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve Using Cuff Electrodes and Implanted Diodes

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

A novel microwire interface for small diameter peripheral nerves in a chronic, awake murine model

A novel microwire interface for small diameter peripheral nerves in a chronic, awake murine model

Rapid and Low Cost Manufacturing of Cuff Electrodes

Indium-gallium-zinc oxide Schottky diodes on softening substrates for rectifying bioelectronic circuits

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