Remote Sensing of Emissions from In-Use Small Engine Marine Vessels

Burgard, Daniel A.; Bria, Carmen R.M.; Berenbeim, Jacob A.

doi:10.1021/es1027162

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Briefly, fuel-use statistics for on-road and off-road engines are available annually from the Federal Highway Administration and Energy Information Administration ( 40 – 42 ). Emission factors (in g/kg fuel) are based on a metaanalysis of roadway studies ( 1 , 25 ), laboratory measurements of off-road gasoline engines ( 43 – 45 ), and the EPA NONROAD model for off-road diesel engines. More details about emission factors for on-road vehicles are provided in SI Appendix .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected slowdown of US pollutant emission reduction in the past decade

Jiang

McDonald

Worden

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

179

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SignificanceEmissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have a large impact on air quality and climate change as precursors in the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols. We find that NOx emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data. The discrepancy can be explained by the growing relative contribution of industrial, area, and off-road mobile sources of emissions, decreasing relative contribution of on-road gasoline vehicles, and slower than expected decreases in on-road diesel NOx emissions, with implications for air-quality management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected slowdown of US pollutant emission reduction in the past decade

Jiang

McDonald

Worden

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…38 Uncertainties in off-road gasoline fuel use is taken as the difference between FHWA and EPA estimates. We use emission factors of NO x and CO from in situ and laboratory studies of small watercraft 42 and two-and four-stroke engine lawn equipment. 43 Other Emissions.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Ozone in the Eastern U.S. using a Fuel-Based Mobile Source Emissions Inventory

McDonald

McKeen

Cui

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Recent studies suggest overestimates in current U.S. emission inventories of nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO). Here, we expand a previously developed fuel-based inventory of motor-vehicle emissions (FIVE) to the continental U.S. for the year 2013, and evaluate our estimates of mobile source emissions with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Emissions Inventory (NEI) interpolated to 2013. We find that mobile source emissions of NO and carbon monoxide (CO) in the NEI are higher than FIVE by 28% and 90%, respectively. Using a chemical transport model, we model mobile source emissions from FIVE, and find consistent levels of urban NO and CO as measured during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Study in 2013. Lastly, we assess the sensitivity of ozone (O) over the Eastern U.S. to uncertainties in mobile source NO emissions and biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. The ground-level O is sensitive to reductions in mobile source NO emissions, most notably in the Southeastern U.S. and during O exceedance events, under the revised standard proposed in 2015 (>70 ppb, 8 h maximum). This suggests that decreasing mobile source NO emissions could help in meeting more stringent O standards in the future.

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“…Therefore, we expect any bias in reported EFs to be 4% or less for nearly all of the plumes characterized here. A study that included ambient small craft HC emission factors at a freshwater lake found gaseous HC emissions accounted for 8 ± 2% of fuel carbon.…”

Section: Data and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dioxide emission rates are either measured directly or can be calculated from the brake-specific fuel consumption rate, less HC and CO output. To the authors’ best knowledge, only one other study of field-measured emission factors or ratios for small marine craft engines has been published to date .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements of Small Marine Craft Gaseous Emission Factors during NEAQS 2004 and TexAQS 2006

Lerner

Murphy

Williams

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Exhaust emission factors were calculated for a number (n = 116) of small marine craft encountered during the 2004 New England Air Quality Study-International Transport and Chemical Transformation and 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II field campaigns. Emission factors are reported for NO(x), SO(2), and CO in units of grams of pollutant per kilogram of fuel. These factors are compared to emission factors derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) NONROAD model, separated into spark-ignition and compression-ignition sources. NO(x) emission factors observed were significantly and substantially higher than predicted by the model by a factor of 2-10. CO emission factors were not significantly different than the model outputs. Because of the correlation between exhaust hydrocarbon and CO for marine craft, it is expected that EPA estimates of hydrocarbon exhaust emission factors are not significantly in error. Small commercial marine craft (e.g., inshore fishing trawlers) are not part of NONROAD, but their measured emission factors were comparable to those of large diesel recreational marine craft in the model.

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Remote Sensing of Emissions from In-Use Small Engine Marine Vessels

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Unexpected slowdown of US pollutant emission reduction in the past decade

Unexpected slowdown of US pollutant emission reduction in the past decade

Modeling Ozone in the Eastern U.S. using a Fuel-Based Mobile Source Emissions Inventory

Field Measurements of Small Marine Craft Gaseous Emission Factors during NEAQS 2004 and TexAQS 2006

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