Remote Sensing and Monitoring Techniques for the Characterization of Rock Mass Deformation and Change Detection

Derron, Marc‐Henri; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Pedrazzini, Andrea; Michoud, Clément; Villemin, Thierry

doi:10.1002/9781118601532.ch2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet the weaknesses of GB-SAR are the loss of coherence in the radar wavelength in the case of rapid changes between survey epochs (e.g. rockfalls), a more complex set-up compared with TLS and a significantly lower spatial resolution, usually ranging from 1 to 100 square metres (Tarchi et al, 2005;Corsini et al, 2006;Teza et al, 2008;Derron et al, 2011).…”

Section: Benefits and Limitations Of The Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities

Abellán

Oppikofer

Jaboyedoff

et al. 2013

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This manuscript presents a review on the application of a remote sensing technique (terrestrial laser scanning, TLS) to a well-known topic (rock slope characterization and monitoring). Although the number of publications on the use of TLS in rock slope studies has rapidly increased in the last 5-10 years, little effort has been made to review the key developments, establish a code of best practice and unify future research approaches. The acquisition of dense 3D terrain information with high accuracy, high data acquisition speed and increasingly efficient post-processing workflows is helping to better quantify key parameters of rock slope instabilities across spatial and temporal scales ranging from cubic decimetres to millions of cubic metres and from hours to years, respectively. Key insights into the use of TLS in rock slope investigations include: (a) the capability of remotely obtaining the orientation of slope discontinuities, which constitutes a great step forward in rock mechanics; (b) the possibility to monitor rock slopes which allows not only the accurate quantification of rockfall rates across wide areas but also the spatio-temporal modelling of rock slope deformation with an unprecedented level of detail. Studying rock slopes using TLS presents a series of key challenges, from accounting for the fractal character of rock surface to detecting the precursory deformation that may help in the future prediction of rock failures. Further investigation on the development of new algorithms for point cloud filtering, segmentation, feature extraction, deformation tracking and change detection will significantly improve our understanding on how rock slopes behave and evolve. Perspectives include the use of new 3D sensing devices and the adaptation of techniques and methods recently developed in other disciplines as robotics and 3D computer-vision to rock slope instabilities research.

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Section: Benefits and Limitations Of The Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities

Abellán

Oppikofer

Jaboyedoff

et al. 2013

Earth Surf Processes Landf

Self Cite

280

176

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“…Three sets of cracks were equipped with three sets of crack-meters to measure the potential slippage and rotational dynamic of the rock mass. Since then, they have been surveyed each summer with a tape extensometer (repeatability: ±1 mm; Nordvik et al, 2010;Derron et al, 2013), or with a Vernier caliper (for the crack closest to the hut on the north side).…”

Section: Crack Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial Rock Slope Adjustment Beneath a High Mountain Infrastructure—The Pilatte Hut Case Study (Écrins Mountain Range, France)

Duvillard¹,

Ravanel²,

Deline³

et al. 2018

Front. Earth Sci.

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Landslides triggered by shrinking glaciers are an expected outcome of global climate change and they pose a significant threat to inhabitants and infrastructure in mountain valleys. In this study we document the rock slope movement that has affected the Pilatte hut (2,572 m a.s.l.) in the Écrins range (French alps) since the 1980s. We reconstructed the geometry of the unstable rock mass using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and quantified the unstable volume (∼400,000 m 3 ). Field observations and annual crack surveys have been used to identify the dynamics of past movements. These movements initiated in the late 1980s and have accelerated since 2000. The current trend seems to be toward a relative stabilization. Reconstruction of the glacier surface using past images taken since 1960 and "Structure from Motion" photogrammetry showed that the glacier probably applied stresses to the rock slope during its short-lived advance during the 1980s, followed by debuttressing caused by rapid surface lowering until the present day. The relationship between observed crack propagation and glacier surface change suggests that the rock slope instability is a paraglacial response to glacier surface changes, and highlights that such responses can occur within a decade of glacier change.

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“…The identification of potential rockfall sources and the detection of deformations prior to failure are crucial for improving rockfall hazard assessment (Terzaghi 1962;Saito 1969;Fukuzono 1985;Zvelebill and Moser 2001;Crosta and Agliardi 2003;Corominas et al 2005). Over the past 15 years, the rapid development of remote sensing techniques such as ground-based InSAR and LiDAR has dramatically revolutionized the characterization and monitoring of rock mass deformation (Slob and Hack 2004;Rosser et al 2007;Sitar 2005, 2008;Oppikofer et al 2009;Derron et al 2011;Jaboyedoff et al 2012;Dehls et al 2014;Rouyet et al 2017). High spatio-temporal resolution monitoring of rock cliffs using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds (e.g., Abellán et al 2009Abellán et al , 2010Rosser et al 2013;Royán et al 2014Royán et al , 2015Kromer et al 2015aKromer et al , 2018Stock et al 2018) has shown that it is possible in some cases to detect precursor deformations below centimetric scale and to monitor them over time until failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote thermal detection of exfoliation sheet deformation

et al. 2020

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A growing body of research indicates that rock slope failures, particularly from exfoliating cliffs, are promoted by rock deformations induced by daily temperature cycles. Although previous research has described how these deformations occur, full three-dimensional monitoring of both the deformations and the associated temperature changes has not yet been performed. Here we use integrated terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and infrared thermography (IRT) techniques to monitor daily deformations of two granitic exfoliating cliffs in Yosemite National Park (CA, USA). At one cliff, we employed TLS and IRT in conjunction with in situ instrumentation to confirm previously documented behavior of an exfoliated rock sheet, which experiences daily closing and opening of the exfoliation fracture during rock cooling and heating, respectively, with a few hours delay from the minimum and maximum temperatures. The most deformed portion of the sheet coincides with the area where both the fracture aperture and the temperature variations are greatest. With the general deformation and temperature relations established, we then employed IRT at a second cliff, where we remotely detected and identified 11 exfoliation sheets that displayed those general thermal relations. TLS measurements then subsequently confirmed the deformation patterns of these sheets showing that sheets with larger apertures are more likely to display larger thermal-related deformations. Our high-frequency monitoring shows how coupled TLS and IRT allows for remote detection of thermally induced deformations and, importantly, how IRT could potentially be used on its own to identify partially detached exfoliation sheets capable of large-scale deformation. These results offer a new and efficient approach for investigating potential rockfall sources on exfoliating cliffs.

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Remote Sensing and Monitoring Techniques for the Characterization of Rock Mass Deformation and Change Detection

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities

Paraglacial Rock Slope Adjustment Beneath a High Mountain Infrastructure—The Pilatte Hut Case Study (Écrins Mountain Range, France)

Remote thermal detection of exfoliation sheet deformation

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