Remote sensing and geochemical investigations of sulfide-bearing metavolcanic and gabbroic rocks (Egypt): Constraints on host-rock petrogenesis and sulfide genesis

Khedr, Mohamed Zaki; Kamh, Samir; Desouky, Ahmed A. Al; Takazawa, Eiichi; Hauzenberger, Christoph; Whattam, Scott A.; El-Awady, Amr

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.021

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…This approach is frequently used with hyperspectral images since it significantly decreases noise in the raw data [ 35 ], then we applied the inverse MNF transformation. The resulted components provide accurate lithological discrimination and hydrothermal alteration detection [ 53 , 54 ]. The first three components involve the maximum of geological information and provide the highest variance ( Table 3 , Table 4 ), this is why MNF1, MNF2 and MNF3 were visualized as RGB composite in attempt to differentiate the lithological limits [ 50 , 55 ].…”

Section: Methodology and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping using Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER remote sensing data: Igoudrane region, jbel saghro, Anti Atlas, Morocco

Baid,

Tabit,

Algouti

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Methodology and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping using Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER remote sensing data: Igoudrane region, jbel saghro, Anti Atlas, Morocco

Baid,

Tabit,

Algouti

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…Native gold grains can be observed within the pyrite grains or within fissures in quartz or pyrite grains (Figures 5C, 6B, C, 7B). The fine-grained smoky appearance of the quartz veins signifies their significance as primary conduits for gold mineralization (Abdelkarim et al, 2022;Khedr et al, 2013;Figure 4B). Chalcopyrite is also common in this stage, which filled in the fractures of quartz and pyrite (Figures 5D, 7B).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Stages and Ore Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beresitization may have a strong relationship with gold mineralization (Figure 9B). During this process, feldspar undergoes decomposition into sericite and quartz, while dark minerals are replaced by pyrite (Khedr et al, 2013;Abdelkarim et al, 2022). Chloritization (Figure 9C) appears to have a lower temperature than that of beresitization, and it can be found near the polymetallic stage.…”

Section: Wall-rock Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, CH₄ was detected in the gas phase of the inclusion during Stage 2, while wall-rock alteration, including potassic alteration, sericitization, chloritization, and carbonatization, can be observed in the ores (Figure 4B). This suggests that fluid-rock interaction also plays a significant role in gold precipitation by influencing the pH of ore-forming fluids through CO₂ mineral reactions (Khedr et al, 2013;Abdelkarim et al, 2022). As the ore-forming fluid ascends, it inevitably interacts with surrounding rocks leading to changes.…”

Section: Delicate Metallogenic Process Of Zhaoxian Gold Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of deep ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit within the Jiaodong gold province: insights from quartz vein fluid inclusion, in-situ trace element analysis, and S isotopic composition in pyrite

Zhang,

Zeng,

Fan

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Jiaodong gold province, situated in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton, is globally renowned for its substantial gold reserves exceeding 5,000 tonnes. The Zhaoxian gold deposit is part of the significant Jiaojia gold belt within the Jiaodong gold province. Fieldwork has identified four distinct stages of ore formation in this study: an early barren quartz vein stage (Stage 1) containing fine-grained pyrite; a gold-bearing stage (Stage 2) consisting of quartz, pyrite, and native gold; a polymetallic sulfide-rich stage (Stage 3) comprising quartz, polymetallic sulfides, and native gold; and a late-stage (Stage 4) primarily composed of quartz and calcite with minimal pyrite content. We conducted fluid inclusion analysis using microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy techniques to examine the fluid characteristics. In-situ analysis of trace elements in pyrite was performed to investigate the fluid composition and evolution. Additionally, we determined the sulfur isotope composition in pyrite to analyze the source of sulfur. Our findings indicate that the ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit belongs to a medium-to-low-salinity H₂O-NaCl-CO₂-CH₄ system. Fluctuations in Au and As concentrations observed along with oscillating zones and sulfide inclusions during Stage 2 suggest potential fluid boiling processes occurring during mineralization. High concentrations of Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Pb, and Bi without oscillating zones during Stage 3 imply precipitation of polymetallic sulfides under stable fluid conditions. The δ34S values observed in the Zhaoxian gold deposit are slightly higher than those found in granitoids from other areas within Jiaodong but similar to those seen in other deposits within the Jiaojia gold belt region. In conclusion, magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming fluids were involved along with significant fluid-rock interaction during metallogenic processes of the Zhaoxian gold deposit.

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“…In the future, S34I will (i) assess the usefulness of supervised classification algorithms; (ii) test hyperspectral data and very high-resolution data such as PRISMA and Worldview-3, respectively; and (iii) characterize in detail the hydrothermal alteration associated with the epithermal Co-Cu-Ni deposits. Moreover, to fully exploit radar data, Sentinel-1 will be used to perform lineament extraction and structural mapping (i.e., structural controls of the mineralization) as done in previous works 31,32 . The integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 could be considered using AI, specifically machine learning algorithms.…”

Section: Aramomentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel data for critical raw materials (CRM) exploration: first results of the S34I project

Cardoso-Fernandes,

Carvalho,

Azzalini

et al. 2023

Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/Gis Applications XIV

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To achieve sustainable development goals, it is crucial to ensure the best practices through the whole mining cycle of Critical Raw Materials (CRM) used in high-tech, low-carbon goods (batteries, wind turbines, electronics). This is the aim of the Secure and Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials for EU Industry (S34I) Horizon Europe (HE) project that began on January 1st, 2023. S34I is investigating new data-driven methods to analyze Earth Observation (EO) data, supporting systematic mineral exploration (and other) activities to increase European autonomy regarding CRM resources. The S34I project is based on satellite data, airborne, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), ground-based conventional in-situ techniques/methods, and fieldwork. This study presents the first preliminary results based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data using classical image processing techniques (RGB combinations, band ratio, Principal Component Analysis – PCA, and unsupervised classification) for mineral exploration in Spain, either: (i) on land (Aramo area), to gain knowledge on cobalt (Co) deposits (and associate CRMs) by hydrothermal alteration mapping; and (ii) offshore/shallow waters (Ria de Vigo area), to update the knowledge on coastal metallic placers including CRMs such as Ti, Sn, Li, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Au. Among the techniques, PCA proved most effective, followed by band ratios, and self-proposed algorithms for detecting placer minerals showed promise, warranting further investigation. In the future, S34I will exploit Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCM) and other EU hyperspectral satellite sensors such as PRISMA and EnMAP. Different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques will, in the future, promote advances and innovative methods that mining stakeholders can use to address the challenges faced in different phases of the mining life cycle.

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Remote sensing and geochemical investigations of sulfide-bearing metavolcanic and gabbroic rocks (Egypt): Constraints on host-rock petrogenesis and sulfide genesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 97 publications

Lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping using Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER remote sensing data: Igoudrane region, jbel saghro, Anti Atlas, Morocco

Lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping using Landsat-8 OLI and ASTER remote sensing data: Igoudrane region, jbel saghro, Anti Atlas, Morocco

Characterization of deep ore-forming fluid in the Zhaoxian gold deposit within the Jiaodong gold province: insights from quartz vein fluid inclusion, in-situ trace element analysis, and S isotopic composition in pyrite

Sentinel data for critical raw materials (CRM) exploration: first results of the S34I project

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